Tesis

Prevalensi Rinitis Akibat Latihan Fisik pada Perenang Remaja di Jakarta = The prevalence of Exercise-Induced Rhinitis in Adolescent Swimmers in Jakarta.

Latar Belakang: Rinitis akibat latihan fisik (RALF) didefinisikan sebagai adanya gejala hidung, seperti bersin, hidung gatal, rinorea, dan hidung tersumbat setelah latihan fisik yang disertai penurunan aliran inspirasi puncak hidung lebih dari 20% dari pemeriksaan awal. RALF dapat terjadi pada atlet, terutama perenang. Atlet diketahui lebih sering menderita gejala hidung dibandingkan populasi non-atlet. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berperan terhadap terjadinya RALF, serta profil inflamasi terkait RALF pada perenang. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 76 perenang usia remaja yang aktif di klub renang. Perenang menjalani pemeriksaan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan THT, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), serta pemeriksaan usap mukosa hidung sebelum dan sesudah renang. Hasil: Prevalensi RALF pada perenang adalah 38,2%. Gejala klinis yang sering dialami kelompok RALF adalah rinorea dan bersin. Pemeriksaan nasoendoskopi menunjukkan kelompok RALF memiliki konka inferior eutrofi, mukosa berwarna merah muda, dan sekret serous. Kelompok RALF menunjukkan adanya peningkatan neutrofil pasca renang walaupun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Jenis kelamin, khususnya perempuan, memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian RALF, sementara faktor lain seperti rinitis alergi, usia, dan pengalaman renang tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap kejadian RALF. Kesimpulan: Diagnosis RALF yang adekuat dapat berguna untuk melakukan tata laksana RALF lebih awal sehingga dapat meningkatkan prestasi atlet renang.
Kata Kunci: Rinitis, rinitis akibat latihan fisik, perenang, peak nasal inspiratory flow


Background: Exercise-induced rhinitis (EIR) is defined as the presence of nasal symptoms such as sneezing, itchy nose, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion after exercise, accompanied by a reduction in peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) of more than 20% from baseline. EIR can occur in athletes, particularly swimmers. Athletes are known to experience nasal symptoms more frequently than the non-athlete population. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors contributing to EIR, as well as the inflammatory profile associated with EIR in swimmers. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 76 adolescent swimmers actively participating in swimming clubs. The swimmers underwent medical history interviews, ENT examinations, PNIF assessments, and nasal mucosa scrapping before and after swimming. Results: The prevalence of EIR among swimmers is 38.2%. The clinical symptoms frequently experienced by the EIR group were rhinorrhea and sneezing. Nasoendoscopy examination shows that the EIR group typically had eutrophic inferior turbinates, pink mucosa, and serous secretions. The EIR group demonstrated an increase in neutrophils after swimming, although it was not statistically significant. Gender, particularly being female, had a significant association with the incidence of EIR, while other factors such as allergic rhinitis, age, and swimming experience do not show a relationship with the occurrence of EIR. Conclusion: An adequate diagnosis of EIR can be useful for initiating early management of EIR, thereby enhancing the performance of swimming athletes.
Keywords: rhinitis, exercise-induced rhinitis, swimmer, peak nasal inspiratory flow