Tesis

Eksplorasi Adaptasi Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Terhadap Student-Centered Learning di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh = Exploration of First-Year Students' Adaptation to Student- Centered Learning in Medical Faculty Malikussaleh University.

Pendahuluan: Transformasi pendekatan pembelajaran di fakultas kedokteran dari pendekatan teacher-centered menuju student-centered learning (SCL) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan kedokteran seiring perkembangan dunia kesehatan yang semakin pesat. Pendekatan ini penting untuk mendorong mahasiswa mengembangkan kemampuan belajar sepanjang hayat dan berpikir kritis. Perubahan yang terjadi sering menjadi tantangan besar bagi mahasiswa tahun pertama yang terbiasa dengan sistem konvensional di sekolah menengah. Kesulitan mahasiswa dalam beradaptasi terhadap sistem pembelajaran ini dapat memicu peningkatan stress hingga penurunan motivasi belajar dan prestasi akademik. Oleh karena itu, memahami proses adaptasi mahasiswa terhadap SCL sangat penting untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan dan kebutuhan mereka, serta memberikan dasar bagi pengembangan strategi dukungan yang efektif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman adaptasi mahasiswa kedokteran tahun pertama terhadap SCL di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan melalui tiga focus group discussion (FGD) terhadap 21 mahasiswa tahun pertama dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 dosen serta studi dokumen sebagai triangulasi data. Responden dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan variasi maksimal. Data dianalisis menggunakan Steps for Coding and Theorization (SCAT). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi responden mencakup pemahaman terhadap SCL, keunggulan serta tantangan SCL. Proses adaptasi mahasiswa tahun pertama terhadap SCL berlangsung dalam enam tahap, yaitu awareness of change, awareness of the needs to adapt, mobilizing resources, building capacity to adapt, implementing targeted adaptation actions, dan learning and adjusting. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi adapatsi berupa faktor internal yang mencakup karakteristik mahasiswa, motivasi, dan strategi belajar, serta faktor eksternal yang mencakup dukungan orang tua dan keluarga, peran dosen, teman sebaya dan senior, serta institusi. Kesimpulan: Adaptasi mahasiswa tahun pertama terhadap SCL di Fakultas Kedokteran melibatkan proses yang dinamis yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal maupun eksternal. Oleh karena itu, dukungan dari berbagai pihak menjadi faktor penting dalam keberhasilan proses adaptasi mahasiswa.
Kata kunci: adaptasi, mahasiswa tahun pertama, student-centered learning


Introduction: The transformation of learning approaches in medical faculties from a teacher-centered to a student-centered learning (SCL) aims to enhance the quality of medical education in line with the rapid developments in the healthcare sector. This approach is crucial for encouraging students to develop lifelong learning skills and critical thinking abilities. However, this shift often poses significant challenges for firstyear students who are accustomed to conventional systems in high school. Difficulties in adapting to this learning system may lead to increased stress, decreased motivation to learn, and lower academic performance. Therefore, understanding the adaptation process of students to SCL is essential to identify their obstacles and needs, providing a foundation for developing effective support strategies. Objective: This study aims to explore the adaptation experiences of first-year medical students to SCL in Indonesia. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through three focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 21 first-year students and in-depth interviews with 10 lecturers, supplemented by document studies for data triangulation. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data were analyzed using the Steps for Coding and Theorization (SCAT) method. Results: The findings revealed that participants' perceptions included their understanding of SCL, its benefits, and the challenges it presents. The adaptation process of first-year students to SCL consisted of six stages: awareness of change, awareness of the need to adapt, mobilizing resources, building capacity to adapt, implementing targeted adaptation actions, and learning and adjusting. Adaptation was influenced by internal factors including student characteristics, motivation, and learning strategies, and external factors, including support from parents and family, the role of lecturers, peers and seniors, and institutional support. Conclusion: The adaptation of first-year students to SCL in medical faculty involves a dynamic process influenced by various internal and external factors. Therefore, support from multiple stakeholders is critical to the success of the students' adaptation process.
Keywords: adaptation, first-year students, student-centered learning