Tesis

Sickness presenteeism in teleworkers in Jakarta, 2023 = Sickness presenteeism pada teleworkers di Jakarta pada tahun 2023.

Background: Teleworking may promote various self-endangerment behaviors, such as sickness presenteeism (SP). This study aims to determine the relationship between the implementation of telework in the workplace and sickness presenteeism among office workers in Jakarta, Indonesia, as well as the factors influencing it. Methods: Study was conducted on 164 subjects employed in two private financial companies headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia using an electronic-based questionnaire, with questions identifying SP, SP propensity, productivity loss, and demography characteristics. Results: Sickness presenteeism was found in 64.6% of subjects. Multivariate analysis shows that sickness presenteeism is 2.097 times higher in the telework group compared to the non-telework group (p=.044). Productivity loss was observed more often in younger subjects (age 15-29) compared to older subjects (age 30-39; adjusted OR = .173, p=.001 and age 50-56; adjusted OR = .069, p=.023), and 2.578 times more likely in females compared to males (p=.017). There is no significant difference in SP propensity and productivity loss between teleworkers and non-teleworkers. Further subgroup analysis in the younger age group (younger than 40 years old) suggested similar results. Conclusions: Findings suggested that it is permissible for employers to implement teleworking in the workplace noting that there is no significant productivity loss observed. However, the prevalence of sickness presenteeism is higher among teleworkers and it is suggested that clear workplace guidelines must be implemented to mitigate detrimental effects of sickness presenteeism and self-endangerment behavior of teleworkers, as well as increasing awareness in groups at higher risks.
Keywords: telework, sickness presenteeism, workplace productivity, employee health, telecommuting in Indonesia


Latar belakang: Teleworking dapat mendorong perilaku yang bersifat membahayakan diri, seperti sickness presenteeism (SP). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan hubungan antara telework dan sickness presenteeism pada pekerja kantoran di Jakarta, Indonesia, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Studi dilakukan pada 164 karyawan di dua perusahaan finansial swasta di Jakarta, Indonesia menggunakan kuesioner elektronik, dengan pertanyaan untuk mengukur sickness presenteeism, SP propensity, productivity loss, dan karakteristik demografi. Hasil: Sickness presenteeism ditemukan pada 64.6% dari subjek. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan sickness presenteeism ditemukan 2.097 kali lebih tinggi pada kelompok telework dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-telework (p=0.044). Productivity loss lebih sering terjadi pada usia muda (15-29 tahun) dibandingkan usia tua (30-39 tahun; OR=0.173, p=0.001 dan 50-56 tahun; OR=0.069, p=0.023), serta 2.578 kali lebih mungkin terjadi pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki (p=0.017). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam SP propensity dan productivity loss antara kelompok telework dan kelompok non-telework. Subgroup analysis pada subjek usia lebih muda (lebih muda dari 40 tahun) memperlihatkan hasil yang sama. Kesimpulan: Pemberi kerja dapat mengimplementasikan telework, mengingat bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya productivity loss yang signifikan. Namun, perlu adanya pedoman kerja yang jelas untuk mengurangi dampak buruk sickness presenteeism dan perilaku yang bersifat self-endangerment yang dapat dilakukan oleh pekerja telework, serta meningkatkan kesadaran akan adanya fenomena ini pada kelompok yang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi.
Kata kunci: telework, sickness presenteeism, workplace productivity, employee health, telecommuting in Indonesia