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Tingkat Kebisingan di Unit Perawatan Neonatal Intensif Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Efek Terhadap Respon Fisiologis dan Faktor yang Berkontribusi.

Latar Belakang: Tingkat kebisingan di NICU sering kali melebihi rekomendasi dan berisiko terhadap kesehatan neonatus. Sumber kebisingan meliputi aktivitas harian, alarm, peralatan medis, dan percakapan staf, yang dapat memengaruhi perubahan fisiologis jangka pendek dan meningkatkan risiko gangguan perkembangan otak, gangguan pendengaran, dan neurobehavioral. Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengukur tingkat kebisingan di NICU RSCM, mengevaluasi dampaknya pada respons fisiologis neonatus stabil, dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kebisingan. Metode: Pengukuran kebisingan dilakukan di empat ruangan (NICU 2, NICU 3, NHCU 1, dan NHCU 2) selama satu minggu menggunakan aplikasi pengukur kebisingan berbasis ponsel pintar. Data respons fisiologis neonatus (laju nadi, laju napas, dan saturasi oksigen) dikumpulkan setiap jam selama dua hari berturut-turut. Faktor-faktor kontributor kebisingan, seperti jumlah staf, alat medis, alarm, dan aktivitas telepon, diamati di ruangan dengan kebisingan tertinggi. Hasil: Tingkat kebisingan berkisar 54,6–65,7 dB. NHCU 2 memiliki kebisingan terendah, sementara NICU 3 tertinggi. Kebisingan malam hari di NHCU 1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan pagi hari. Neonatus di ruangan lebih bising memiliki laju nadi lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p < 0,001). Korelasi antara kebisingan dan laju nadi bersifat moderat (r = 0,533, p < 0,001). Regresi linier berganda menunjukkan jumlah orang (B = 1,046) dan alarm (B = 0,805) sebagai faktor utama kebisingan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebisingan di NICU RSCM berada antara 54–65 dB, melampaui batas rekomendasi AAP. Kebisingan memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap fisiologi neonatus, terlihat dari perbedaan laju nadi antara ruangan dengan kebisingan tinggi dan rendah. Faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap kebisingan adalah jumlah orang di ruangan dan alarm yang aktif.
Kata Kunci: NICU, tingkat kebisingan, neonatus, respons fisiologis, lingkungan rumah sakit, manajemen kebisingan, perawatan neonatal


Background : Noise levels in NICUs often exceed American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations, posing risks to neonatal health. Sources include daily activities, alarms, and staff conversations, leading to short-term physiological changes and long-term risks such as impaired brain development, hearing loss, and neurobehavioral issues. Objectives :This study aimed to measure noise levels in the NICU at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, evaluate their short-term effects on the physiological responses of stable neonates, and identify contributing factors to elevated noise levels. Methods : A preliminary study was conducted over one week in NICU 2, NICU 3, NHCU 1, and NHCU 2 to assess differences in noise levels (Leq) using a calibrated smartphonebased noise meter (iNVH BOSCH version 2.1.1). Following this, physiological responses of stable neonates (heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) were collected hourly for two consecutive days. Lastly, contributing factors to noise were observed over one week in the room with the highest noise levels, focusing on staff presence, equipment usage (ventilators, alarms, CPAP/HFN), and phone activity. Results: Noise levels ranged from 54.6 to 65.7 dB, with significant differences between rooms. NHCU 2 recorded the lowest noise levels, while NICU 3 had the highest. Nighttime noise levels in NHCU 1 were unexpectedly higher than morning levels, contrasting with other rooms where night-time noise was lower. The main finding was a significant difference in heart rates between rooms with high and low noise levels (p < 0.001), with neonates in noisier rooms showing consistently higher heart rates. Multiple linear regression identified the number of people in the room (B = 1.046, p < 0.001) and the number of alarms (B = 0.805, p < 0.001) as the most significant contributors to noise levels. Conclusion: Noise levels in the NICU at RSCM range between 54–65 dB, exceeding the AAP recommendations. Noise significantly impacts neonatal physiology, as evidenced by differences in heart rates between rooms with high and low noise levels. The main contributors to noise are the number of people in the room and active alarms.
Keywords: NICU, noise levels, neonates, physiological response, hospital environment, noise management, neonatal care