Tesis

Manifestasi Klinis Dan Identifikasi Bahan Penyebab Dermatitis Kontak Pada Pekerja Salon di Jakarta = Clinical Manifestations and Identification of Risk Factors and Materials Causing Contact Dermatitis in Hairdressers in Jakarta.

Latar belakang: Pekerja salon berisiko mengalami dermatitis kontak karena kontak intens dengan pekerjaan basah yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan kimia. Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan dermatitis akibat kerja. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menekankan untuk mengidentifikasi manifestasi klinis, faktor risiko, dan identifikasi bahan kimia berbahaya pada pekerja salon. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 125 pekerja salon yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Evaluasi klinis dan faktor risiko dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner NOSQ- 2002. Identifikasi bahan kimia menggunakan Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) dan nomor Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS). Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi logistik multivariat dengan Adjusted Ratio. Hasil: Dari 125 subjek penelitian, 30 orang (24%) mengalami CD. Manifestasi klinis gejala yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah xerosis (36,67%) dan gatal-gatal (83,33%), sedangkan lokasi terbanyak pada jari tangan (40%), dari penelitian ini didapatkan durasi kontak ≥ 4 jam, yang meliputi lama kontak dengan air, sampo, dan larutan kimia lainnya. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara durasi kontak dengan dermatitis kontak (p=0,004, Adj.OR=6,97, CI 95%=1,88-25,75). Identifikasi bahan kimia yang digunakan di salon adalah natrium lauret sulfat, behentrimonium klorida, p-fenilenadiamin, asam tioglikolat, hidrogen peroksida Kesimpulan: Pekerjaan basah, yang ditandai dengan pajanan air dan bahan kimia dalam waktu lama, merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk dermatitis kontak di kalangan pekerja salon. Durasi kontak dengan air dan bahan kimia, termasuk natrium lauret sulfat, behentrimonium klorida, p-fenilenadiamin, asam tioglikolat, dan hidrogen peroksida, merupakan penentu yang signifikan terhadap kejadian CD.
Kata kunci: dermatitis kontak, pekerja salon, pekerjaan basah, bahan kimia


Background: Hairdressers are at risk of developing contact dermatitis because of their intense contact with wet work in combination with chemicals. There are several factors that cause occupational dermatitis. Purpose: This study emphasizes to identify clinical manifestations, risk factors, and the identification of hazardous chemicals in hairdressers. Methods: This cross sectional study included 125 hairdressers were meet inclusion criteria. Clinical evaluation and risk factor were collected using the NOSQ-2002 questionnaire. Chemical identification using Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers. Analysis performed using multivariate logistic regression with adjusted ratios. Results: Of the 125 research subjects, 30 people (24%) experienced CD. The most common clinical manifestations of symptoms were xerosis (36.67%) and itching (83.33%), while location was on the fingers (40%).From this study, it was found the duration of contact was ≥ 4 hours, which included prolonged exposure to water, shampoo, and other chemical solutions. There was statistically significant relationship between duration of contact and contact dermatitis (p=0.004, Adj.OR=6.97, CI 95%=1.88–25.75). Identification of chemicals used in salon were sodium laureth sulfate, behentrimonium chloride, p-phenylenediamine, thioglycolic acid, hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: Wetwork, characterized by prolonged exposure to water and chemicals, is a major risk factor for contact dermatitis among hairdressers. The duration of contact with water and chemicals, including sodium laureth sulfate, behentrimonium chloride, p-phenylenediamine, thioglycolic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, serves as a significant determinant of CD occurrence.
Keywords: contact dermatitis, hairdresser, wetwork, chemical