Tesis

Dampak Perubahan Kemampuan Biomekanika Renang terhadap Perubahan Performa pada Atlet Renang Mahasiswa di Jakarta dengan Pemberian Program Pelatihan Dry-Land Hyperthrophy dan Faktor Lain yang Berpengaruh = The Impact of Dry-Land Hypertrophy Training Program and Analysis of Supporting Factors: Transforming the Performance of Collegiate Swimmers in Jakarta.

Program pelatihan darat (dry-land hypertrophy) merupakan komponen penting dalam pelatihan atlet renang mahasiswa di dunia untuk meningkatkan performa dan mengurangi risiko cedera. Atlet renang mahasiswa menjalani latihan intensif dengan jarak 7.315–18.288 meter per hari selama 20–30 jam per minggu, dengan penerapan di Indonesia masih terbatas pada penggunaan vasa trainer. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh program pelatihan dry-land hypertrophy terhadap performa atlet renang mahasiswa di Jakarta sekaligus menganalisis faktor pendukung. Desain penelitian pretest-posttest dengan pendekatan kuasi-eksperimental. Sebanyak 20 atlet renang mahasiswa berusia 17– 22 tahun menjalani program pelatihan dry-land hypertrophy selama 4 minggu dengan pengukuran meliputi kekuatan otot tubuh, stabilitas bahu, komposisi tubuh, dan waktu tempuh renang. Program pelatihan menghasilkan perubahan signifikan pada beberapa aspek fisik dan biomekanik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan peningkatan kekuatan otot tubuh bagian atas (p < 0,001) dan bawah (p < 0,001) serta stabilitas bahu (p < 0,001). Rasio rotasi eksternal-internal bahu juga meningkat secara signifikan (p=0,029). Indikator performa renang, yang diukur melalui waktu tempuh, menunjukkan perbaikan setelah intervensi (p < 0,001). Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perubahan waktu tempuh renang dengan karakteristik sosiodemografis (jenis kelamin p=0,084; usia p=0,134) maupun fisik (berat badan p=0,447; massa otot p=0,312; persentase lemak tubuh p=0,131). Model regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel tersebut tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi performa renang (R2=0,109). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun pelatihan berefek peningkatan kekuatan otot dan stabilitas bahu, perubahan tersebut belum berdampak langsung pada waktu tempuh renang. Hal ini menyoroti perlunya penelitian lanjutan dengan durasi lebih panjang dan mempertimbangkan faktor lain, seperti efisiensi teknik dan biomekanik renang, dalam upaya meningkatkan performa atlet.
Kata Kunci: atlet mahasiswa, pelatihan dry-land hypertrophy, kekuatan otot, performa renang, waktu tempuh


Dry-land hypertrophy training is a crucial component in the training regimen of collegiate swimmers worldwide to enhance performance and reduce the risk of injuries. Collegiate swimmers engage in rigorous training, covering distances of 7,315–18,288 meters daily for 20–30 hours per week. However, its implementation in Indonesia remains limited, primarily relying on vasa trainers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a dry-land hypertrophy training program on the performance of collegiate swimmers in Jakarta and analyze the supporting factors. A pretest-posttest design with a quasi-experimental approach was employed. A total of 20 collegiate swimmers aged 17–22 participated in a 4-week dry-land hypertrophy training program. Measurements included muscle strength, shoulder stability, body composition, and swimming time. The training program significantly improved several physical and biomechanical parameters. Bivariate analysis revealed increased upper-body muscle strength (p < 0.001), lower-body muscle strength (p < 0.001), and shoulder stability (p < 0.001). The external-internal shoulder rotation ratio also showed significant improvement (p=0.029). Swimming performance, assessed by time, significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.001). However, changes in swimming time were not significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics (gender p=0.084; age p=0.134) or physical attributes (body weight p=0.447; muscle mass p=0.312; body fat percentage p=0.131). Multiple linear regression revealed that these variables did not significantly predict swimming performance (R²=0.109). These findings suggest that while the training effectively enhances muscle strength and shoulder stability, these changes do not directly impact swimming time. Further research should explore longer training durations and other factors, such as technical efficiency and swimming biomechanics, to optimize athlete performance.
Keywords: collegiate athletes, dry-land hypertrophy, muscle strength, swimming performance, time trial.