Skripsi

Kandungan Flavonoid dan Fenolik Ekstrak Daun Tanaman Jati Cina dari Tawangmangu sebagai Antioksidan dan Penghambat Enzim AlfaGlukosidase = Flavonoid and Phenolic Content of Chinese Senna Leaf Extract from Tawangmangu as Antioxidant and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibitor.

Latar Belakang Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM) terus meningkat di Indonesia, dengan prevalensi naik dari 6,2% pada 2019 menjadi 10,8% pada 2021. Stres oksidatif akibat hiperglikemia kronis berperan dalam patogenesis T2DM, sehingga penggunaan antioksidan dan penghambatan enzim alfa-glukosidase menjadi strategi pengobatan yang potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi antioksidan dan penghambatan enzim alfa-glukosidase dari ekstrak daun Jati Cina (JC) asal Tawangmangu, Jawa Tengah. Dengan mengukur kandungan flavonoid dan fenolik, serta menguji efek antioksidan dan penghambatan alfa-glukosidase, hasilnya diharapkan memberikan alternatif terapi alami untuk T2DM. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan pendekatan in vitro. Ekstrak daun tanaman jati cina diperoleh melalui metode ekstraksi etanol. Aktivitas antioksidan dievaluasi menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) dan aktivitas inhibisi enzim alfaglukosidase diukur menggunakan Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Screening Kit (Colorimetric) dengan kode ab284520. Kadar flavonoid dan fenolik pada tanaman diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil Ekstrak daun tanaman jati cina menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan asam askorbat standar pada berbagai konsentrasi yang diuji, dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 135.6 μg/mL. Asam askorbat memiliki nilai IC50 0.57 μg/mL, menunjukkan potensi antioksidan yang sangat aktif. Aktivitas inhibisi enzim alfa-glukosidase oleh ekstrak daun jati cina sebesar 23%, sementara acarbose sebagai kontrol menunjukkan inhibisi 88%. Kadar total flavonoid dalam tanaman jati cina adalah 0.1092%, sedangkan kadar total fenolik adalah 0.049%. Kesimpulan Ekstrak daun jati cina memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik dan mampu menghambat enzim alfa-glukosidase meskipun lebih rendah dibandingkan acarbose. Kandungan flavonoid dan fenolik diduga berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas farmakologisnya. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi temuan ini melalui uji in vivo, uji klinis, dan evaluasi keamanan jangka panjang.
Kata Kunci: α-glukosidase, Antidiabetes, Antioxidan, In vitro, Senna alexandrina


Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise in Indonesia, with prevalence increasing from 6.2% in 2019 to 10.8% in 2021. Oxidative stress due to chronic hyperglycemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, making the use of antioxidants and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition a potential treatment strategy. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential and alphaglucosidase enzyme inhibition of Chinese senna leaf extract from Tawangmangu, Central Java. By measuring flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as testing antioxidant effects and alphaglucosidase inhibition, the results are expected to provide a natural alternative therapy for T2DM. Method This study used an experimental design with an in vitro approach. The Chinese senna leaf extract was obtained through ethanol extraction. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity was measured using the Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Screening Kit (Colorimetric) with code ab284520. The flavonoid and phenolic content of the plant was measured using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results The Chinese senna leaf extract exhibited weaker antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid at various tested concentrations, with an IC50 value of 135.6 μg/mL. Ascorbic acid had an IC50 value of 0.57 μg/mL, indicating very active antioxidant potential. The alphaglucosidase enzyme inhibition activity of Chinese senna leaf extract was 23%, while acarbose as a control showed 88% inhibition. The total flavonoid content in Chinese senna was 0.1092%, while the total phenolic content was 0.049%. Conclusion Chinese senna leaf extract has good antioxidant activity and is capable of inhibiting the alphaglucosidase enzyme, although its effectiveness is lower than acarbose. The flavonoid and phenolic content is believed to contribute to its pharmacological activity. Further research is needed to confirm these findings through in vivo studies, clinical trials, and long-term safety evaluations.
Keywords: α-glucosidase, Antidiabetes, Antioxidant, In vitro, Senna alexandrina