Tesis

Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Mortalitas 14 Hari pada Pasien Pneumonia COVID-19 yang Dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta = Determinants of 14-Day In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital.

Latar belakang: COVID-19 telah menyebabkan pandemi dengan angka mortalitas yang signifikan. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan angka kematian tertinggi akibat COVID-19. Beberapa faktor risiko yang menyebabkan kematian pada pasien COVID-19 memiliki kesamaan dengan faktor risiko pada infeksi SARS-CoV dan MERSCoV, seperti usia, komorbiditas, kadar neutrofil dan limfosit, d-dimer, serta jumlah lobus paru yang terlibat berdasarkan temuan rontgen toraks. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi proporsi kematian dan faktorfaktor yang memengaruhi mortalitas pasien COVID-19 dalam perawatan ≤ 14 hari, dengan pendekatan komprehensif yang mencakup anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dasar, dan pemeriksaan penunjang sederhana yaitu pemeriksaan laboratorium darah dan rontgen toraks. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain retrospektif observasional dengan menganalisis rekam medis pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Januari 2021 hingga Januari 2024. Data dianalisis menggunakan program STATA versi 17.0 melalui metode analisis univariat, bivariat, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Sebanyak 142 subjek direkrut dan dianalisis, dengan angka mortalitas selama perawatan mencapai 29,57%. Mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58,5%) dan berusia >60 tahun (52,8%), serta sebagian besar mengalami ketergantungan total (85,7%). Sebagian besar subjek memiliki status nutrisi obesitas (43%). Komorbiditas terbanyak adalah diabetes melitus (42,3%), hipertensi (39,4%), dan gangguan ginjal kronis (37,3%), sedangkan mortalitas tertinggi ditemukan pada pasien dengan gangguan ginjal kronis (34%), penyakit jantung koroner (33,3%), dan stroke (29,2%). Faktor signifikan yang memengaruhi mortalitas dalam ≤14 hari meliputi usia (OR 3,17, p = 0,016), D-dimer (OR 3,07, p = 0,015), CRP (OR 5,16, p < 0,001), dan SpO2 (OR 8,64, p < 0,001). Kesimpulan: Proporsi mortalitas pasien COVID-19 dalam perawatan ≤ 14 hari adalah 29,57%. Mortalitas sebagian besar terjadi pada pasien berusia ≥ 60 tahun dengan ketergantungan total. Faktor usia, D-dimer, CRP, dan SpO2 terbukti sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi mortalitas pasien COVID-19 selama perawatan.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, Mortalitas 14 hari, Usia, D-dimer, CRP, SpO2, Komorbiditas, Geriatri


Background: COVID-19 has caused a pandemic with a significant mortality rate. Indonesia is among the countries with the highest death toll from COVID-19. Several risk factors contributing to mortality in COVID-19 patients are similar to those observed in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, such as age, comorbidities, neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio, D-dimer levels, and the number of lung lobes affected as identified through chest X-ray findings. Aim: This study aims to identify the proportion of mortality and the factors influencing the mortality of COVID-19 patients within ≤ 14 days of care, using a comprehensive approach that includes medical history, basic physical examination, and simple supporting tests, namely blood laboratory tests and chest X-rays Methods: This study employs a retrospective observational design by analyzing the medical records of COVID-19 patients treated at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from January 2021 to January 2024. The data were analyzed using STATA version 17.0 software through univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analysis methods. Results: A total of 142 subjects were recruited and analyzed, with a mortality rate of 29.57% during ≤14 days of treatment. Most patients were male (58.5%) and aged over 60 years (52.8%), with the majority experiencing total dependence (85.7%). Obesity was the predominant nutritional status among the subjects (43%). The most prevalent comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (42.3%), hypertension (39.4%), and chronic kidney disease (37.3%). The highest mortality rates were found in patients with chronic kidney disease (34%), coronary artery disease (33.3%), and stroke (29.2%). Significant factors affecting mortality within ≤14 days included age (OR 3.17, p = 0.016), D-dimer (OR 3.07, p = 0.015), CRP (OR 5.16, p < 0.001), and SpO2 (OR 8.64, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The mortality proportion of COVID-19 patients during ≤14 days of treatment is 29.57%. The majority of mortality occurred in patients over 60 years old with total dependence. Age, D-dimer, CRP, and SpO2 were found to be significant factors influencing mortality in COVID-19 patients during treatment.
Keywords: COVID-19, 14-day Mortality, Age, D-dimer, CRP, SpO2, Comorbidities, Geriatrics