Tesis

Profil Kadar Asam Lemak Tak Jenuh Rantai Panjang Maternal serta Korelasinya dengan Placental Growth Factor dan Rerata Indeks Pulsatilitas Arteri Uterina pada Kehamilan Trimester 1 = Maternal Long Chain Unsaturated Fatty Acid Level Profile and its Correlation with Placental Growth Factor and Uterine Artery Mean Pulsatility Index in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy.

Latar Belakang: Plasentasi yang baik bergantung pada invasi trofoblas, vaskulogenesis, dan angiogenesis yang memadai, di mana LC-PUFA (asam lemak tak jenuh rantai panjang) seperti omega-3 dan omega-6 berperan penting. LC-PUFA memengaruhi ekspresi Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) dan vaskularisasi plasenta. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai korelasi kadar LC-PUFA maternal dengan PlGF dan rerata indeks pulsatilitas arteri uterina pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik ini dilakukan secara potong lintang di Puskesmas Johar Baru dan Palmerah, Jakarta, pada Mei–November 2024. Subjek adalah ibu hamil trimester pertama (11 –14 minggu) tanpa komplikasi. Data meliputi karakteristik maternal, asupan nutrisi, kadar LC-PUFA (melalui gas kromatografi), PlGF (dengan Cobas e801), dan doppler arteri uterina. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 25. Hasil: Secara keseluruhan, didapatkan 118 subjek dengan usia kehamilan antara 11 -14 minggu dan median usia 27 tahun. Median kadar PlGF adalah 51,5 pg/ml, sementara rerata indeks pulsatilitas arteri uterina adalah 1,50. Tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan antara kadar LC-PUFA (ALA, EPA, DHA, omega-6) dan rasio omega-6/omega-3 dengan PlGF maupun rerata indeks pulsatilitas. Namun, rasio AA/EPA menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan risiko preeklamsia. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara kadar LC-PUFA maternal dengan PlGF atau rerata indeks pulsatilitas arteri uterina pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi dampak kadar LC-PUFA pada luaran kehamilan maternal dan fetal.
Kata kunci: LC-PUFA, placental growth factor, rerata indeks pulsatilitas, arteri uterina, trimester 1


Introduction: Good placentation depends on adequate trophoblast invasion, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, in which LC-PUFAs (long-chain unsaturated fatty acids) such as omega-3 and omega-6 play an important role. LC-PUFA affect Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) expression and placental vascularization. This study aimed to assess the correlation of maternal LC-PUFA levels with PlGF and uterine artery mean pulsatility index in first trimester pregnancy. Methods: This analytic observational study was conducted cross-sectionally at Puskesmas Johar Baru and Palmerah, Jakarta, in May-November 2024. Subjects were first trimester pregnant women (11 -14 weeks) without complications. Data included maternal characteristics, nutrient intakes, LC-PUFA levels (by gas chromatography), PlGF (by Cobas e801), and uterine artery doppler. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25. Results: : In total, we included 118 patients with mean age of 27 years. The median PlGF level was 51.5 pg/ml, while the uterine artery mean pulsatility index was 1.50. There was no significant correlation between LC-PUFA levels (ALA, EPA, DHA, ALA, LA), omega-6/omega-3 ratio and omega 3 index with PlGF or mean pulsatility index. However, the AA/EPA ratio showed a significant association with preeclampsia risk according to Asian risk cut off. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between maternal LC-PUFA levels and PlGF or uterine artery mean pulsatility index in first trimester low risk pregnancy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of LC-PUFA levels on maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes.
Keywords: LC-PUFA, placental growth factor, mean pulsatility index, uterine artery, 1st trimester