Tesis

Gangguan Mental Emosional Pada Pramugari/a Penerbangan Komersial di Masa Transisi Pandemi COVID-19 = Mental Emotional Disorder among Commercial Flight Attendant during the Transition Period of COVID-19 Pandemi.

Pendahuluan: Pramugari/a merupakan salah satu profesi dengan beban kerja cukup besar karena jam kerja yang tidak beraturan, waktu kerja yang panjang serta bekerja di ketinggian. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional pada banyak sektor terutama sektor penerbangan. Kita telah memasuki masa transisi pandemi COVID-19, jumlah penerbangan mulai meningkat dan membaik perlahan-lahan sehingga pramugari/a harus memastikan bahwa mereka sehat secara mental dan fisik untuk dapat kembali terbang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi serta hubungan antara faktor individu serta pekerjaan di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 dengan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional pada pramugari/a penerbangan komersial di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta dari tanggal 9 September – 3 Oktober 2022. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner mandiri, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, dan Self Reporting Questionnaire- 20 kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil: Penelitian diikuti oleh 163 partisipan, terdiri dari 89,6% pramugari dan 10,4% pramugara. Diantara faktor individu dan pekerjaan, ada beberapa yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan risiko gangguan mental emosional seperti usia muda p < 0,001, tidak memiliki anak p 0,047, masa kerja < 5 tahun (95% CI 1,35-8,78); p 0,007 serta persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan (95% CI 1,47-8,55); p 0,003. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat, usia dan persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional p 0,003 dan p 0,036. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi gangguan mental emosional pada pramugari penerbangan komersial Indonesia di masa transisi pandemi COVID-19 cukup tinggi. Dari semua faktor yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini, terlihat usia dan persepsi ketidakamanan pekerjaan dominan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental emosional. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menilai faktor-faktor risiko lainnya yang dapat berkontribusi dengan terjadinya gangguan mental emosional.
Kata kunci: Pramugari/a, COVID-19, Indonesia, Gangguan Mental Emosional


Background: Flight attendant is a profession with a heavy workload due to irregular working hours, long working hours and quite spesific environtment such as high altitude and enclosed space. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of mental emotional disorders in many sectors, especially the aviation sector, which is giving job insecurity for the workers. As we entered the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic, flight numbers have slowly increased so that flight attendants need to ensure that they are mentally and physically healthy to fly again. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of mental emotional disorders among commercial flight attendants in Indonesia during the transition period of the COVID- 19 pandemic and its relationship with job insecurity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Aviation Medical Center Jakarta from September 9th to October 3rd 2022. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaires, such as the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 in Google Form, which were then analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The participants were 163 people in total, consisting of 89,6% female flight attendants and 10,4% male flight attendants, and the prevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be 15.3%. It can be seen that there is a significant relationship between perceptions of job insecurity and mental-emotional disorders p=0.036, and there are other characteristics that are significantly related to mental-emotional disorders such as young age p= < 0.001, not having children p=0.047, and working period < 5 years (95% CI 1.35-8.78); p=0.007. Conslusion: The prevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian commercial flight attendants during the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic is quite high. Job insecurity is one of the dominant factors associated with the occurrence of mental emotional disorders during the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and young age seems to be a contributing factor.
Keywords: Flight attendant, COVID-19, Indonesia, Mental emotional disorder