Tesis

Hubungan Stresor Terkait Pekerjaan dan Faktor-Faktor Lain dengan Gejala Kecemasan Pada Flight Attendants di Indonesia = The Association of Work-Related Stressors and Other Factors with Anxiety Symptoms in Flight Attendants in Indonesia.

Pendahuluan Gejala kecemasan yang dialami oleh flight attendants berisiko mengganggu performa kerja mereka, bahkan berisiko mengakibatkan inkapasitasi sehingga dapat mendiskualifikasi mereka dari tugas terbang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proporsi flight attendants di Indonesia yang mengalami gejala kecemasan dan hubungannya dengan stresor terkait pekerjaan dan faktor-faktor lain (waktu kerja, rute penerbangan melintasi zona waktu, operasional maskapai penerbangan, usia, dan jenis kelamin). Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di Garuda Sentra Medika dan Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan. Gejala kecemasan dinilai menggunakan Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (versi Bahasa Indonesia) dan stresor terkait pekerjaan dinilai menggunakan Stress Diagnostic Survey. Data demografis dan pekerjaan dikumpulkan. Proporsi flight attendants di Indonesia yang mengalami gejala kecemasan dihitung, hubungan stresor terkait pekerjaan dan faktor-faktor lain dengan gejala kecemasan dinilai menggunakan Uji Chi-Square dan Uji Fisher, dan analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan Uji Regresi Logistik. Hasil Dari 272 sampel penelitian yang didapat, sebesar 16,2% flight attendants menunjukkan gejala kecemasan yang relevan secara klinis. Stresor terkait pekerjaan, yaitu Ketaksaan Peran (OR 2.836 CI 95% = 1.452–5.542), Konflik Peran (OR 3.584 CI 95% = 1.691–7.597), Beban Berlebih Kuantitatif (OR 2.748 CI 95% = 1.324–5.703), Beban Berlebih Kualitatif(OR 3.914 CI 95% = 1.674–9.152), Pengembangan Karier (OR 4.637 CI 95% = 2.131–10.090), Tanggung Jawab Terhadap Orang Lain (OR 2.576 CI 95% = 1.143–5.803), dan usia (27.80 ± 5.877) berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala kecemasan. Waktu kerja, rute penerbangan melintasi zona waktu, operasional maskapai penerbangan, dan jenis kelamin tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala kecemasan. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa Pengembangan Karier (aOR 2.664 CI 95% = 1.007–7.053) berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala kecemasan. Kesimpulan Meskipun hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan flight attendants yang mengalami gejala kecemasan yang relevan secara klinis, stresor terkait pekerjaan dan usia muda memicu timbulnya gejala kecemasan, penting untuk dicatat bahwa tiap individu dapat merespons stresor dan mengelola gejala kecemasan secara berbeda sehingga mereka tetap dapat melaksanakan tugas terbang dengan aman sesuai standar yang berlaku. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya pemantauan dan dukungan kesehatan mental yang berkelanjutan bagi flight attendants.
Kata Kunci: Gejala Kecemasan; Flight Attendants; Stresor Terkait Pekerjaan


Introduction Anxiety symptoms experienced by flight attendants risk interfering with their work performance, even leading to incapacitation that could disqualify them from flying duties. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of flight attendants in Indonesia who experience anxiety symptoms and the association with work-related stressors and other factors (working time, flight routes across time zones, airline operations, age, and gender). Methods This study used a cross-sectional design, conducted at Garuda Sentra Medika and Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Indonesian version) and work-related stressors were assessed using the Stress Diagnostic Survey. Demographic and occupational data were collected. The proportion of flight attendants in Indonesia experiencing anxiety symptoms was calculated, the association of work-related stressors and other factors with anxiety symptoms was assessed using Chi-Squared Test and Fisher’s Test, and multivariate analysis was performed using Logistic Regression Test. Results Of the 272 study samples obtained, 16.2% of flight attendants showed clinically relevant anxiety symptoms. Work-related stressors, namely Role Ambiguity (OR 2.836 CI 95% = 1.452–5.542), Role Conflict (OR 3.584 CI 95% = 1.691–7.597), Quantitative Overload (OR 2.748 CI 95% = 1.324–5.703), Qualitative Overload (OR 3.914 CI 95% = 1.674–9.152), Career Development (OR 4.637 CI 95% = 2.131–10.090), Responsibility Toward Others (OR 2.576 CI 95% = 1.143–5.803), and age (27.80 ± 5.877) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Working time, flight route across time zones, airline operations, and gender were not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed that Career Development (aOR 2.664 CI 95% = 1.007–7.053) was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Although the results showed the presence of flight attendants who experienced clinically relevant anxiety symptoms, work-related stressors and young age triggered the onset of anxiety symptoms, it is important to note that each individual may respond to stressors and manage anxiety symptoms differently so that they can still perform their flying duties safely according to applicable standards. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing mental health monitoring and support for flight attendants.
Keywords: Anxiety Symptoms; Flight Attendants; Work-Related Stressors