Tesis

Hubungan Psikopatologi dan Mekanisme Koping dengan Internet Gaming Disorder pada Populasi Dewasa di Indonesia = Association between Psychopathology and Coping Mechanisms with Internet Gaming Disorder in the Adult Population in Indonesia.

Berbagai bukti gangguan neurobiologi pada Internet Gaming Disorder menjadi alasan gangguan tersebut diklasifikan dalam 11 th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Prevalensi gangguan tersebut bervariasi dengan spektrum usia yang luas. Generasi milenial merupakan yang terbanyak mengalami Internet Gaming Disorder. Psikopatologi serta mekanisme koping yang maladaptif dan disfungsional dapat berkontribusi terhadap kejadian Internet Gaming Disorder yang mengancam produktivitas dan kehidupan individu. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara psikopatologi dan mekanisme koping dengan Internet Gaming Disorder pada populasi dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang dari Mei sampai September 2023. Sampel penelitian adalah individu dewasa di Indonesia berusia 18 sampai 59 tahun yang bermain permainan daring. Kuesioner penelitian disebarkan secara daring. Dari 358 sampel, seluruhnya dimasukkan sebagai subjek penelitian menggunakan consecutive sampling. Psikopatologi diukur dengan instrumen Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90) versi Bahasa Indonesia, mekanisme koping diukur dengan instrumen BriefCOPE versi Bahasa Indonesia, dan Internet Gaming Disorder diukur dengan instrumen Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) versi Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis regresi logistik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan faktor risiko Internet Gaming Disorder. Dari 358 subjek, mayoritas adalah perempuan dengan median usia 23 tahun (18-54 tahun) dan berasal dari Pulau Jawa. Proporsi Internet Gaming Disorder sebesar 16,5% dan didapatkan hubungan bermakna (p < 0,05) antara seluruh domain psikopatologi (somatisasi, obsesif kompulsif, sensitivitas interpersonal, depresi, ansietas, hostilitas, fobia, paranoid, psikotik, dan skala tambahan) serta strategi problem-focused coping (active-coping dan use of emotional support), emotion-focused coping (humor, use of emotional support, dan positive reframing), dan dysfunctional coping (self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, venting, dan self-blame) dengan Internet Gaming Disorder. Faktor sosiodemografi, seperti usia, status pernikahan, durasi permainan, dan jenis permainan juga memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan Internet Gaming Disorder (p < 0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel durasi permainan (OR=3,220, CI=1,574-6,588), dysfunctional coping (OR=1,154, CI=1,067- 1,248), hostilitas (OR=7,231, CI=3,038-17,213), dan strategi koping venting (OR=0,727, CI=0,533-0,991) dapat memprediksi kemungkinan terjadinya Internet Gaming Disorder. Temuan penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian lainnya. Psikopatologi dan mekanisme koping memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan Internet Gaming Disorder. Durasi permainan, dysfunctional coping, dan hostilitas merupakan faktor risiko untuk Internet Gaming Disorder, sedangkan venting menjadi faktor protektif. Edukasi faktor-faktor terkait, deteksi dini psikopatologi, dan identifikasi mekanisme koping dapat mencegah kejadian Internet Gaming Disorder dan menjadi dasar tatalaksana yang komprehensif.
Kata kunci: Internet Gaming Disorder, dewasa, psikopatologi, mekanisme koping


Various evidence of neurobiological disturbances in Internet Gaming Disorder is the reason for classifying this disorder in the 11 th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The prevalence of this disorder varies across a wide age spectrum. Millennials are the most affected by Internet Gaming Disorder. Psychopathology and maladaptive, dysfunctional coping mechanisms can contribute to the occurrence of Internet Gaming Disorder, threatening individual productivity and life. This study aims to explore the association between psychopathology and coping mechanisms with Internet Gaming Disorder in the adult population in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional design from May to September 2023. The study sample consisted of adults in Indonesia aged 18 to 59 who engage in online gaming. The research questionnaire was distributed online. Out of 358 samples, all were included as research subjects using consecutive sampling. Psychopathology was measured using Indonesian version of the Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90) instrument, coping mechanisms were measured using Indonesian version of the Brief COPE instrument, and Internet Gaming Disorder was measured using Indonesian version of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) instrument. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for Internet Gaming Disorder. Out of 358 subjects, the majority were female with a median age of 23 years (18-54 years) and came from Java Island. The proportion of Internet Gaming Disorder was 16.5%, and a significant relationship (p < 0.05) was found between all psychopathology domains (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia, psychotic, and additional scales) and problemfocused coping strategies (active-coping and use of emotional support), emotion-focused coping (humor, use of emotional support, and positive reframing), and dysfunctional coping (self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, venting, and self-blame) with Internet Gaming Disorder. Sociodemographic factors such as age, marital status, duration of play, and type of game also had a significant relationship with Internet Gaming Disorder (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of play duration (OR=3.220, CI=1.574-6.588), dysfunctional coping (OR=1.154, CI=1.067-1.248), hostility (OR=7.231, CI=3.038-17.213), and venting coping strategy (OR=0.727, CI=0.533-0.991) could predict the likelihood of Internet Gaming Disorder. The findings of this research align with other studies, indicating a significant relationship between psychopathology, coping mechanisms, and Internet Gaming Disorder. Play duration, dysfunctional coping, and hostility are risk factors for Internet Gaming Disorder, while venting serves as a protective factor. Education on related factors, early detection of psychopathology, and identification of coping mechanisms can prevent the occurrence of Internet Gaming Disorder and form the basis for comprehensive management.
Keywords: Internet Gaming Disorder, adults, psychopathology, coping mechanisms