Tesis

Profil Subset, HLA-DR, dan Sitokin Monosit pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Non Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Riwayat COVID-19 = Profile of Subset, HLA-DR Expression, and Monocyte Cytokines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Post COVID-19.

Monosit merupakan sel imun alami yang berperan penting dalam menghadapi patogen. Monosit sangat peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan metabolik, termasuk hiperglikemia seperti pada Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2. DM tipe 2 adalah merupakan penyakit metabolik dan komorbid dari COVID-19. Kondisi perubahan profil monosit pada DM tipe 2 menjadi risiko terjadinya long COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis subset, HLA-DR dan sitokin monosit pada pasien DM tipe 2 pasca COVID-19 terhadap manifestasi long COVID-19. Penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan total 44 cryotube PBMC (18 DM tipe 2 dan 26 Non-DM tipe 2) dari penelitian CARAMEL. PBMC diberikan stimulan berupa inactivated whole virion dan diinkubasi 24 jam. Analisis subset monosit, HLA-DR, TNF-α, INF-γ dan IL-10 menggunakan Flow Cytometry dengan antibodi spesifik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil monosit dan ekspresi HLA-DR pada DM tipe 2 pasca COVID-19 lebih rendah dibandingkan non-DM tipe 2 pasca COVID-19. Stiokin IFN-γ, TNF-α dan IL 10 pada DM tipe 2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-DM tipe 2 pasca COVID-19. Adanya riwayat COVID-19 ikut mempengaruhi profil monosit dan sitokin pada satu bulan pasca COVID-19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah profil monosit dan sitokin antara DM tipe 2 dan non-DM tipe 2 pasca COVID-19 tidak berbeda bermakna, akan tetapi ada perbedaan HLA-DR monosit klasik, antara DM tipe 2 dan non-DM tipe 2 pasca COVID-19. Pola respons monosit DM tipe 2 dan non-DM tipe 2 tidak berbeda bermakna.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus tipe 2; HLA-DR; long COVID-19; Monosit;


Monocytes play an important role in dealing with pathogens. Monocytes are very sensitive to hyperglycemia as in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is a metabolic disease and comorbid with COVID-19. The condition of changes in the monocyte in T2DM is a risk of long COVID-19. This study aims to analyze subsets, HLA-DR, and monocyte cytokines in post-COVID-19 T2DM patients on manifestations long COVID-19. The study was an experimental study with 44 PBMC cryotubes (18 T2DM and 26 Non-T2DM) from the CARAMEL study. PBMCs were given a stimulant in the form of inactivated whole virions and incubated for 24 hours. Flow Cytometry with specific antibodies is used to analyze monocyte subsets, HLA-DR, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10. The results showed that the monocyte profile and HLA-DR expression in T2DM after COVID-19 were lower than in non-T2DM after COVID-19. The cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL 10 in T2DM were higher than in the non-T2DM group after COVID-19. A history of COVID-19 also influences monocyte and cytokine profiles one month after COVID-19. In summary, the monocyte profile and cytokines between T2DM and non-T2DM do not show significant differences. However, there is a notable distinction in the HLA-DR expression of classical monocytes. The monocyte response patterns of type 2 diabetes and non-type 2 diabetes individuals do not exhibit significant differences. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus type 2; HLA-DR; long COVID-19; Monocytes