Tesis

Faktor risiko gangguan kognitif pascaCOVID-19 pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit umum nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo = Risk factors for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment among healthcare workers at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Latar Belakang. Tenaga kesehatan (nakes) mempunyai risiko tinggi terinfeksi COVID-19. Gejala kognitif yang muncul setelah terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dapat menetap dan berdampak pada produktivitas pekerjaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko gangguan kognitif sebagai salah satu manifestasi infeksi COVID-19 dan pascaCOVID-19 pada SSP. Metode. Studi kasus kontrol retrospektif menggunakan data dari penelitian “Hubungan Gangguan Kognitif Pada Long Covid-19 Terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo”. Populasi studi kelompok kasus yaitu tenaga kesehatan dengan riwayat terinfeksi COVID-19 dengan gangguan kognitif berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assessment Versi Indonesia (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). Kelompok kontrol merupakan tenaga kesehatan tanpa gangguan kognitif berdasarkan pemeriksaan tersebut. Dilakukan matching dengan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin dan pendidikan. Hasil. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 62 orang pada masing-masing kelompok. Gangguan kognitif lebih banyak didapatkan pada perawat (62,9%). Gangguan kognitif didapatkan pada COVID-19 ringan 75,8% dan sedang-berat 24,2% (p 0,031). Sebanyak 79% subjek dengan gangguan kognitif sudah mendapatkan vaksin COVID-19 dengan 46,8% sudah mendapatkan vaksinasi lengkap. Pada subjek dengan gangguan kognitif didapatkan komorbid penyakit ginjal kronik 6,5%, penyakit paru kronik 4,8% dan hipertensi 4,8%. Hasil kognitif terganggu didapatkan paling banyak pada pemeriksaan BMVT-R (33,1%), dengan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada nilai median masing-masing hasil pemeriksaan kognitif kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan. Tingkat keparahan COVID-19 merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kognitif pascaCOVID-19. Gangguan kognitif dapat muncul dan menetap pada fase pascakut dari COVID-19, walaupun pada pasien dengan COVID-19 derajat ringan. Domain kognitif yang paling banyak terganggu pada tenaga kesehatan pascaCOVID-19 adalah memori visual dan visuospasial.
Kata kunci: Gangguan kognitif, COVID-19, Tenaga kesehatan.


Background. Healthcare workers have a high risk of being infected with COVID-19. Cognitive symptoms that emerge after confirming COVID-19 can persist and impact work productivity. This study aims to determine the risk factors for cognitive impairment as a manifestation of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 infection in the CNS. Method. Retrospective case-control study using data from the research "The Relationship between Cognitive Impairment in Long Covid-19 and the Performance of Healthcare Workers at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital". The case population study group is healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 infection with cognitive impairment based on the results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). The control group is healthcare workers without cognitive impairment based on this examination. Matching was carried out based on age, gender and education. Results. The study included 62 subjects in each group. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent among nurses (62.9%). Cognitive impairment was found in 75.8% with mild COVID-19 and 24.2% with moderate-severe COVID-19 (p 0.031). Among 79% of subjects with cognitive impairment had received the COVID-19 vaccine, with 46.8% having completed vaccination. Subjects with cognitive impairment had comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (6.5%), chronic lung disease (4.8%), and hypertension (4.8%). Impaired cognitive results were most found in the BMVT-R examination (33.1%), with a significant difference in the median values of each cognitive assessment between the two groups. Conclusion. The severity of COVID-19 is associated with post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can occur and persist in the post-acute phase of COVID- 19, even in patients with mild COVID-19. The cognitive domain most affected in healthcare workers post-COVID-19 is visual and visuospatial memory.
Keywords: Cognitive impairment, COVID-19, Healthcare workers.