Skripsi

Hubungan temuan kelainan serviks terhadap riwayat vaksinasi HPV dan skrining tes DNA HPV: sebuah studi di RSCM tahun 2021—2022 = Association of cervical abnormalities finding with HPV vaccination and HPV DNA test screening records: a study at RSCM in 2021—2022.

Latar Belakang Kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar kedua dan merupakan salah satu beban biaya kesehatan terbesar di Indonesia. Sekitar 24,5 dari 10.000 wanita tiap tahunnya mengalami kanker serviks di Indonesia. Kanker serviks merupakan kondisi yang disebabkan oleh infeksi HPV. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan infeksi virus dapat dilakukan dengan vaksinasi HPV serta pemeriksaan skrining secara rutin. Metode Desain penelitian ini potong lintang. Penelitian mengambil subjek wanita yang berobat ke Poliklinik Ginekologi dan Onkologi Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSCM tahun 2021—2022 dan didapatkan total 193 subjek untuk dianalisis. Data yang termasuk dalam analisis adalah usia, pendidikan, jumlah pernikahan, paritas, riwayat keguguran, riwayat KB, riwayat vaksinasi HPV, riwayat skrining dengan tes DNA HPV, dan temuan kelainan serviks. Hasil Didapatkan proporsi temuan non-neoplastik dan neoplastik serviks beruturut-turut adalah 3,1% dan 96,9%. 99% subjek berusia ≥30 tahun. Ditemukan hubungan vaksinasi HPV terhadap kejadian kelainan serviks berupa OR 0,022 (IK95% 0,002-0,194; nilai P 0,005), dan hubungan riwayat skrining tes DNA HPV dengan temuan kelainan serviks (prakanker dan kanker) berupa OR 0,033 (IK95% 0,004-0,252; nilai P 0,008). Hubungan temuan kelainan neoplastik serviks dengan faktor lainnya adalah pendidikan OR 0,038 (0,004- 0,339), paritas OR 2,022 (0,361-11,305), riwayat KB OR 0,477 (0,084-2,075). Hubungan variabel dependen dengan usia, jumlah pernikahan, dan riwayat keguguran tidak dapat ditentukan karena kurangnya jumlah subjek. Kesimpulan Riwayat vaksinasi HPV, riwayat skrining kanker serviks, dan tingkat pendidikan berhubungan dengan temuan kelainan serviks (prakanker dan kanker)
Kata Kunci: kanker serviks, vaksin HPV, tes HPV


Introduction Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death and one of the biggest health cost burdens in Indonesia. About 24.5 out of 10,000 women each year develop cervical cancer in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is a condition caused by HPV infection. Therefore, prevention of viral infection can be done with HPV vaccination as well as regular screening examinations. Method The design of this study was cross-sectional. The study took female subjects who sought treatment at the Gynecology and Oncology Polyclinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of RSCM in 2021-2022 and obtained a total of 193 subjects for analysis. Data included in the analysis were age, education, number of marriages, parity, history of abortion, history of contraception, history of HPV vaccination, history of screening with HPV DNA test, and findings of cervical abnormalities. Results The proportions of cervical non-neoplastic and neoplastic findings were 3.1% and 96.9%, respectively. 99% of the subjects were ≥30 years old. The association of HPV vaccination with the incidence of cervical abnormalities was OR 0.022 (95% CI 0.002-0.194; P value 0.005), and the association of HPV DNA test screening history with cervical abnormalities (precancerous and cancerous) was OR 0.033 (95% CI 0.004-0.252; P value 0.008). The association of cervical neoplastic abnormalities findings with other factors were education OR 0.038 (0.004-0.339), parity OR 2.022 (0.361-11.305), contraception history OR 0.477 (0.084-2.075). The association of the dependent variable with age, number of marriages, and history of abortion could not be determined due to the lack of subjects. Conclusion HPV vaccination history, cervical cancer screening history, and education level are associated with findings of cervical abnormalities (precancerous and cancerous)
Keywords: cervical cancer, HPV vaccine, HPV test