Tesis

Perbandingan status perkembangan anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) sianotik dan non-sianotik menggunakan kuesioner Ages and Stages Questionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3) kelompok usia 24-30-36 bulan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo = Comparison of developmental status in children with cyanotic and non-cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3) for the age groups of 24-30-36 months at the dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, the central referral hospital in Indonesia.

Latar belakang: ASQ-3 merupakan suatu alat penapisan perkembangan yang dapat digunakan oleh orangtua untuk deteksi perkembangan pada anak usia 1 bulan hingga 60 bulan. Namun, di Indonesia ASQ-3 belum banyak digunakan karena belum banyak digunakan. Studi ini bertujuan membandingkan perkembangan pada anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB). Metode: Sebanyak 167 orangtua anak usia 24, 30, dan 36 bulan di klinik Kardiologi dan Pusat Jantung Terpadu (PJT) di RSUPN direkrut sejak Oktober hingga November 2023 dengan metode consecutive sampling dan dibagi sesuai kelompok usia. Penilaian perkembangan dilakukan oleh orangtua dengan mengisi kuesioner ASQ-3 sesuai kelompok usia 24, 30, dan 36 bulan. Hasil: Terdapat 167 subjek yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini, terdiri dari 45 subjek dengan PJB sianotik dan 122 dengan PJB non-sianotik. Keterlambatan perkembangan pada PJB sianotik dan non-sianotik masing-masing adalah 80% dan 75,4%. Perkembangan motorik kasar paling banyak didapatkan pada subjek dengan PJB sianotik sebesar 63,8% dan perkembangan pemecahan masalah 65,2% pada subjek dengan PJB non-sianotik. Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan komunikasi, motorik kasar, motorik halus, pemecahan masalah, dan personal-sosial pada anak dengan PJB sianotik dibandingkan dengan non-sianotik menggunakan kuesioner ASQ-3 usia 24-30-36 bulan.
Kata kunci: Ages and stages-3 questionnaire, keterlambatan perkembangan, non-sianotik, penyakit jantung bawaan, skrining perkembangan, sianotik.


Background: ASQ-3 is a developmental screening tool that can be used by parents to detect development issues in children aged 1 to 60 months. However, in Indonesia, ASQ-3 is not widely used. Objective: To compare the development in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Method: A total of 167 parents of children aged 24, 30, and 36 months at the Cardiology Clinic and Center for Advanced Heart (PJT) at RSUPN were recruited from October to November 2023 using consecutive sampling and grouped by age. Developmental assessment was conducted by parents filling out ASQ-3 questionnaires for the respective age groups of 24, 30, and 36 months. Results: There were 167 subjects participating in this study, comprising 45 subjects with cyanotic CHD and 122 with non-cyanotic CHD. Developmental delay in cyanotic and non-cyanotic CHD was 80% and 75.4%, respectively. Gross motor development was most commonly found in subjects with cyanotic CHD at 63.8%, and problem-solving development was 65.2% in subjects with noncyanotic CHD. Conclusion: No differences were found in communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social development in children with cyanotic CHD compared to non-cyanotic CHD using the ASQ-3 questionnaire for the age groups of 24-30-36 months.
Keywords: Ages and stages-3 questionnaire, congenital heart disease, cyanotic, developmental delay, developmental screening, non-cyanotic