Skripsi

Analisis Fitokimia, Aktivitas Antioksidan, dan Antikanker Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat, dan n-Heksana Bunga Cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Sel Kanker HT-29 = Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Hexane Extract of Clove Flower (Syzygium aromaticum) Against HT-29 Cancer Cells.

Latar Belakang: Kanker kolorektal merupakan kanker yang menempati urutan ketiga jumlah kasus baru dan keempat jumlah kematian tertinggi di dunia. Efek samping, kontraindikasi, dan biaya menjadi keterbatasan dari pengobatan kanker kolorektal yang sudah ada saat ini. Dibutuhkan alternatif pengobatan lain menggunakan bahan alam seperti tanamah herbal, salah satunya adalah bunga cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum). Selain berpotensi, studi mengenai bunga cengkih saat ini masih terbatas di Indonesia. Metode: Ekstraksi bunga cengkih dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi sehingga didapatkan ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana bunga cengkih. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan dengan uji fitokimia kualitatif dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH, sedangkan aktivitas antikanker in-vitro diukur menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil: Komponen fitokimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak bunga cengkih mencakup alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, dan triterpenoid. Uji KLT menunjukkan ekstrak bunga cengkih memiliki 21 komponen fitokimia. Aktivitas antioksidan secara berurutan, yaitu ekstrak etanol (IC50 = 33,32 μg/mL), etil asetat (IC50 = 74,98 μg/mL), dan n-heksana (IC50 = 136,47 μg/mL). Aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel HT-29 secara berurutan, yaitu ekstrak etanol (IC50 = 27,62 μg/mL), etil asetat (IC50 = 51,85 μg/mL), dan n-heksana (IC50 = 105,56 μg/mL). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak bunga cengkih memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia, aktivitas antioksidan terhadap DPPH, serta antikanker terhadap sel kanker kolorektal HT-29 sehingga memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu alternatif terapi kanker kolorektal.
Kata Kunci: aktivitas antioksidan, aktivitas sitotoksik, kanker kolorektal, sel HT-29, senyawa fitokimia, Syzygium aromaticum


Introduction: Colorectal cancer is still one of the cancers with the highest number of new cases and deaths in the world. Currently, there are several limitations to colorectal cancer treatment, including side effects, contraindications, and costs. Therefore, alternative tratments are needed to overcome these limitations, one alternative that has potential is clove bud flowers. Currently, there are very limited studies discussing the use of clove bud flowers as a potential anticancer agent in Indonesia. Method: Extraction of clove flowers was carried out using a maceration technique to obtain ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of clove bud flowers. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using qualitative phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method, while in-vitro anticancer activity was measured using the MTT method. Results: The phytochemical components contained in clove bud flower extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids. The TLC test shows that clove flower extract has 21 phytochemical components. The three extracts have antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 33.32 μg/mL to 136.47 μg/mL. The three extracts also showed anticancer activity against HT-29 cells with IC50 values ranging from 27.62 μg/mL to 105.56 μg/mL. Conclusion: Clove flower extract contains phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity against DPPH, and anticancer activity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, suggesting its potential to be developed as an alternative therapy for colorectal cancer.
Keywords: antioxidant activity, colorectal cancer, cytotoxic activity, HT-29 cells, phytochemical compounds, Syzygium aromaticum