Skripsi

Karakteristik Demografis dan Klinis yang Memengaruhi Derajat Kendali pada Pasien Asma Balita di RSCM Tahun 2020-2023 = Demographic and Clinical Characteristics that Influence the Degree of Control in 5 Years and Younger Asthma Patients at RSCM 2020-2023.

Latar Belakang Asma anak merupakan suatu penyakit kronik yang umum dan dimulai sejak usia dini. Data global menunjukkan bahwa angka insidensi asma anak meningkat dan angka kematian asma anak menurun dalam kurun waktu 29 tahun. Age-standardized rates DALY asma balita pun menurun. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perbaikan derajat kendali asma balita. Namun, kurangnya data karakteristik asma balita memberikan dampak pada pengetahuan derajat kendali pasien asma balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karaktersitik demografis dan klinis pasien asma balita dan hubungannya dengan derajat kendali asma balita di RSCM tahun 2020-2023. Metode Desain penelitian potong lintang analitik dengan 30 subjek berusia ≤60 bulan yang terdiagnosis asma di RSCM tahun 2020-2023. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis daring RSCM. Hasil Mayoritas subjek termasuk dalam kategori tidak terkendali (n=19; 63%), berkelamin perempuan (n=16; 53,3%), berusia >36 bulan (n=17; 56,7%), dan berstatus gizi baik (n=24; 80%). Sebagian besar subjek tidak memiliki keterangan kepemilikan hewan peliharaan (n=19; 63,3%). Subjek penelitian lebih banyak menggunakan MDI spacer (n=17 orang; 56,7%) dan memiliki komorbid rhinitis alergi (n=13; 43,3%). Hampir seluruh subjek termasuk dalam kategori patuh (n=25; 83,3%) dan tergolong dalam asma persisten (n=23; 76,7%). Uji bivariat Fisher’s Exact Test memperlihatkan bahwa karakteristik komorbid dermatitis atopi berhubungan signifikan dengan derajat kendali (p-value=0,01). Kesimpulan Angka prevalensi pasien asma balita yang terkendali adalah 37%. Komorbid dermatitis atopi merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan derajat kendali pasien asma balita di RSCM tahun 2020-2023.
Kata Kunci: karakteristik demografis, karakteristik klinis, derajat kendali, asma, balita


Introduction Childhood asthma is a common chronic disease and starts at an early age. Global data shows that the incidence rate of childhood asthma has increased and the death rate of childhood asthma has decreased over a period of 29 years. Age-standardized DALY rates for 5 years and younger asthma patients also decreased. This shows an improvement in the degree of control of 5 years and younger asthma. However, the lack of data on the characteristics of 5 years and younger asthma has an impact on the degree of control’s knowledge of 5 years and younger asthma patients. This study aims to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of 5 years and younger asthma patients and their relationship with the degree of control of 5 years and younger asthma patients at RSCM in 2020-2023. Method Analytical cross-sectional study design with 30 subjects aged ≤60 months who were diagnosed with asthma at RSCM in 2020-2023. Data was obtained from the RSCM online medical record. Results The majority of subjects were in the uncontrolled category (n=19; 63%), female (n=16; 53.3%), aged >36 months (n=17; 56.7%), and had good nutritional status (n =24; 80%). Most subjects did not have information about pet ownership (n=19; 63.3%). More research subjects used MDI spacers (n=17 people; 56.7%) and had comorbid allergic rhinitis (n=13; 43.3%). Almost all subjects were categorized as adherent (n=25; 83.3%) and classified as persistent asthma (n=23; 76.7%). The bivariate Fisher's Exact Test showed that the characteristics of comorbid atopic dermatitis were significantly related to the degree of control (p-value=0.01). Conclusion The prevalence rate for under-five asthma patients under control is 37%. Comorbid atopic dermatitis is a variable that is related to the degree of control of toddler asthma patients at RSCM in 2020-2023.
Keywords: demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, degree of control, asthma, toddler, pre-school, 5 years and younger