Tesis

Kesetaraan Hasil antara Kuesioner Penapisan Perkembangan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (PPIKA) dengan Ages and Stages Quetionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3) untuk Penapisan Perkembangan Anak Usia 12 Bulan = Concurrent Validity of Penapisan Perkembangan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (PPIKA) Quetionnaires with the Ages and Stages Quetionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3) for developmental screening of 12 Month Old Children.

Latar belakang: Perkembangan seorang anak harus dinilai secara berkala dan rutin dikerjakan, sehingga dapat dilakukan intervensi sedini mungkin bila terjadi keterlambatan perkembangan. Pada tahun 2021, di Indonesia telah dibuat instrumen baru kuesioner penapisan perkembangan ilmu kesehatan anak (PPIKA) usia 12 bulan, tetapi hingga saat ini belum dilakukan penelitian yang menilai kesetaraan kuesioner penapisan tersebut dibandingkan dengan instrumen lain. Tujuan: Menilai kesetaraan antara PPIKA dengan ASQ-3 dalam mendeteksi kecurigaan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 12 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan rancangan potong lintang di dilakukan pada anak berusia 11 bulan 0 hari hingga 12 bulan 30 hari dari Posyandu di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia pada bulan September 2023. Kuesioner PPIKA dan ASQ-3 diiisi oleh orangtua dengan panduan petugas. Hasil kedua pemeriksaan dilakukan analisis kesetaraan dengan menghitung koefisien Cohen Kappa. Hasil: Seratus delapan puluh subjek penelitian diperiksa dan didapatkan prevalens kecurigaan keterlambatan perkembangan menurut PPIKA dan ASQ-3 masing masing sebesar 13,33% dan 25%. Nilai koefisien Cohen Kappa antara PPIKA dan ASQ-3 sebesar 0,456. Kesimpulan: Kuesioner PPIKA memiliki kesetaraan yang cukup baik dibandingkan dengan kuesioner ASQ-3 dalam penapisan perkembangan anak usia 12 bulan.
Kata kunci: Kesetaraan, perkembangan, keterlambatan, PPIKA, ASQ-3, anak, pediatri


Background: Child development must be assessed periodically and routinely, in order to prevent delayed intervention and subsequent developmental delays. In 2021, a new instrument development screening for the 12-month-old child called Penapisan Perkembangan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (PPIKA) was created in Indonesia, however until now no research has been conducted to assess the agreement of this screening questionnaire compared to other instruments. Aim: To evaluate agreement between PPIKA and ASQ-3 in detecting suspected developmental delays in children aged 12 months. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional design conducted on children aged 11 months 0 days to 12 months 30 days from Posyandu in the Jatinegara District Health Center area, East Jakarta, Indonesia in September 2023. The PPIKA and ASQ-3 questionnaires were filled in by parents with guidance from health workers. The results of the two questionnaires were subjected to agreement analyzed by calculating the Cohen Kappa coefficient. Results: One hundred and eighty research subjects were examined. We found that the prevalence of suspected developmental delay according to PPIKA and ASQ- 3 was 13.33% and 25% respectively. The Cohen Kappa coefficient between PPIKA and ASQ-3 is 0.456. Conclusion: The PPIKA questionnaire has moderate agreement equivalence compared to the ASQ-3 questionnaire in developmental screening of children aged 12 months.
Key words: Agreement, development, delays, PPIKA, ASQ-3, children, pediatrics