Tesis

Peran Dokter Spesialis Forensik Dan Medikolegal Dalam Pembuktian Kejahatan Susila Di provinsi Aceh: Tinjauan Dari Sudut Qanun Jinayah Aceh = The Roles of Forensic Pathologist in Proving Sexual Assault in Aceh Province, Indonesia: Based on Qanun Aceh Criminal Law Perspective.

Latar Belakang: Kasus Kejahatan Susila pada korban hidup masih tinggi di Indonesia, tidak terkecuali di Provinsi Aceh. Provinsi Aceh sejak tahun 1999 menjadi Daerah Istimewa dengan wewenang khusus memberlakukan hukum Islam secara luas, termasuk hukum Pidana (Hukum Jinayah). Qanun Aceh, mengatur delik Susila sangat berbeda dengan KUHP dan KUHAP, sehingga setiap dokter dan spesialis forensik yang ditugaskan di Provinsi Aceh, akan mengalami kesulitan jika diminta bantuannya untuk membuktikan delik Susila di Provinsi Aceh.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaturan Delik (Jarimah) Susila menurut Qanun Aceh, hukum acaranya, cara pembuktiannya serta peran dokter dan spesialis forensik untuk pembuktiannya, serta penerapannya dalam praktik sehari-hari di Provinsi Aceh. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari membaca Qanun Aceh, literatur dan wawancara terhadap pihak-pihak yang terkait, meliputi Hakim Mahkamah Syariah kota Banda Aceh, penyidik Unit Pelayanan Anak dan Perempuan Polresta Banda Aceh, Penyidik PNS Satpol PP Wilayatul Hisbah (WH) Banda Aceh, dokter umum RS Bhayangkara Banda Aceh, dokter spesialis forensik dan medikolegal di RSUD Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, dan aktivis LSM yang menangani Jarimah Susila di Banda Aceh. Hasil (1) Jarimah Susila dalam Qanun Aceh meliputi Perkosaan, dan Pelecehan Seksual, Khalwat, Ikhtilath, liwath, Musahaqah, Zina, dan Qadzaf. (2) Pengaduan jarimah Susila dilaporkan korban, saksi atau masyarakat ke polisi (kasus Perkosaan dan Pelecehan Seksual), atau Satpol PP WH (untuk jarimah susila lainnya) dan pengadilannya dilakukan di Mahkamah Syariah Kab/Kota (tingkat pertama), Mahkamah Syariah Aceh (tingkat banding) dan Mahkamah Agung (tingkat Kasasi). (3) Kasus dengan korban hidup dimintakan penyidik ke dokter umum di RS Bhayangkara untuk pembuatan Visum et Repertum dan keterangan saksi di pengadilan (khusus Jarimah Perkosaan dan Pelecehan Seksual saja) atau dokter spesialis forensik jika korbannya meninggal dunia (sangat jarang). Kesimpulan Dokter hanya dimintakan bantuannya pada kasus Perkosaan dan Pelecehan Seksual dengan korban hidup, sedang spesialis forensik hanya dilibatkan jika korbannya meninggal dunia. Secara teoritis seharusnya, dalam rangka Scientific Criminal Investigation, spesialis forensik dapat dimintakan bantuannya dalam pembuktian kasus korban hidup maupun meninggal, khususnya pada kasus jarimah Seksual lainnya, seperti jarimah ihktilath, liwath, musahaqah, dan zina.
Kata Kunci: Delik Susila; Dokter Forensik; Propinsi Aceh; Qanun Aceh;


Background: The incidence of sexual violation cases are high in Indonesia, including in Aceh province of Aceh. Since 1999, Aceh Province has become the only Special Province of Indonesia, that was allowed to apply Islamic law, including criminal laws (Jinayah Law). The Aceh Law (Qanun Aceh) regulates sexual violation in very different way, compared to Indonesian Criminal Law (KUHP) and Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP) that regulates the other Provinces in Indinesia. This situation causing difficulty to medical doctors and forensic pathologist, worked in Aceh Province to hlp the ajuthoritu to prove sexual violation (Sexual Jariman) in Aceh Province. This research was conducted to find out hoe Aceh Qanun regulates the Sexual Jarimah) and its practice in Aceh Province: the kinds of Sexual Jariman, the procedural law, the legal evidence, the obstacles, and the role of medical doctors and forensic pathologists in proving Sexual Jarimah in Aceh. Methods: This research was conducted using qualitative methods. Data was collecred by reading Aceh Qanun and literatures, and interviewing the Judges of the Sharia Court of Banda Aceh, The Children and Women Services Unit of Banda Aceh Police, investigators for Regional Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP Wilayatul Hisbah (or WH) of Banda Aceh, general practitioner (medical doctor) of the Hospital Bhayangkara Banda Aceh, a forensic pathologist at Zainoel Abidin Hospital, and an NGO activist working on sexual violation cases in Banda Aceh. Results (1) Sexual violation in the Aceh Qanun were divided into Rape, Sexual Harassment, Khalwat (unmarried couple caught in private room), Ikhtilath (affectionate activities between unmarried couple, including making out, touching, hugging and kissing, on the basis of mutual consent, either in private or in public), Liwath (homosexuality practice), Musahaqah (lesbianism practice), Zina (adultery), and Qadzaf (accusing a Muslim man or woman of adultery or homosexuality without 4 eyewitness evidence). (2) Complaints by victims, witnesses or cummunity are reported to police (on Rape and Sexual Harassment cases), or Civil Service Police Unit of WH (for other sexual jarimah). The accusation was made by Geneal Attourney and and the trials are conducted at the City‟s Sharia Court (first level court), Aceh Sharia Court (for appeal level) and the Supreme Court (for final or cassation level). (3). In Cases with live victims are sent to a general practitioner at Bhayangkara Hospital for writen expert witness (or Visum et Repertum) and testimony as expert witness in court (merely for rape and sexual harassment) or a Forensic Pathologist if the victim was died (exceptionally rare). Conclusion Doctors are only asked for scientific proof in the Jarimah Rape and Sexual Harrasment with living victims, while forensic pathologist is only being involved when the victim was died. Theoretically, for the shake of Scientific Criminal Investigation, forensic pathologist supposed to be involved to prove the other Jarimah, either with living or dead victims, such as jarimah ihktilath, liwath, musahaqah, and zina.
Keywords: Aceh Province; Aceh Law (Aceh Qanun); Forensic Pathologist; Sexual Violation.