Tesis

Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Pekerja Industri Pengolahan di Pulau Jawa mengenai Upaya Preventif Kesehatan Kerja dan Faktorfaktor yang Memengaruhi = Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Manufacturing Industry Workers in Java towards Occupational Health Prevention and Influencing Factors.

Latar Belakang: Besarnya jumlah tenaga kerja industri pengolahan di Pulau Jawa dengan bahaya potensial yang sangat beragam telah teridentifikasi dapat meningkatkan adanya Penyakit Akibat Kerja (PAK) serta Kecelakaan Kerja (KK), sehingga diperlukan upaya preventif kesehatan kerja yang baik agar dapat mengendalikan faktor risiko yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pekerja terhadap upaya preventif kesehatan kerja pada industri pengolahan di Pulau Jawa dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian data sekunder dengan metode analisis data menggunakan metode campuran. Survei dilakukan pada 691 pekerja dari 64 perusahaan industri. Focus group discussions dilakukan pada 102 pekerja (manajemen puncak/ jajaran direktur, bagian K3, atau SDM) Hasil: : Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 658 responden. Setengah dari keseluruhan responden (57,3%) memiliki pengetahuan baik, sebanyak 89,4% memiliki sikap positif, dan 50,5% memiliki perilaku baik mengenai upaya preventif kesehatan kerja. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memiliki hubungan adalah jenis kelamin (aOR 1,417, IK95% 1,02 – 1,95), jabatan (aOR 2,015, IK95% 1,14 – 3,56), skala industri [(dengan pengetahuan: aOR 1,531, IK95% 1,08 – 2,16), (dengan sikap: p=0,004), (dengan perilaku: aOR 2,945, IK95% 2,01 – 4,30)], program upaya preventif di tempat kerja, dan kebijakan pemberi kerja. Data kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa industri skala mikro dan kecil belum menerapkan upaya preventif, sedangkan industri skala menengah dan besar telah menerapkan beberapa upaya preventif. Kesimpulan: Pekerja industri pengolahan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang sedang, sikap yang positif dan perilaku yang baik dalam upaya preventif kesehatan kerja. Skala industri ditemukan sebagai faktor utama yang berkontribusi.
Kata kunci: Pekerja industri pengolahan; Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku; Upaya preventif kesehatan kerja.


Background: There were increasing number of occupational accident and work-related disease cases among manufacturing workers in Indonesia, especially in Java Island. Therefore, strategies to implement the occupational health prevention are necessary to reduce the number of these cases. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of manufacturing industry workers in Java Island on occupational health prevention and its influencing factors. Methods: This was a mixed method study design using secondary data and focus group discussion. Surveys were conducted among 691 workers in 64 manufacturing companies. Focus group discussions were held among 102 employers (top management, Occupational Health and Safety, or Human Resources). Results: About 658 respondents were participated in the survey. More than half of the respondents (57.3%) had good knowledge, about 89.4% had positive attitude, and half of them (50.5%) had good practice towards the occupational health prevention strategies. Multivariate analysis showed that the associated factors were gender (aOR 1.417, 95%CI 1.02 – 1.95), job level (aOR 2.015, 95%CI 1.14 – 3.56), industry scale [(with knowledge: aOR 1.531, 95%CI 1.08 – 2.16), (with attitude: p=0.004), (with behavior: aOR 2.945, 95%CI 2.01 – 4.30)], workplace preventive measures programs, and employer policies. The qualitative analysis also found that small scale industries had not implemented any prevention strategies, while moderate to large scale industries had executed some strategies. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggested that manufacturing workers had moderate level of knowledge, good attitude, and moderate level of good practice on the prevention of occupational health. Industry scale was found to be the main contributing factor.
Keywords: Attitude, knowledge, and practice; Manufacturing industry workers; Occupational health prevention.