Tesis

Perbandingan Blok Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) dengan Quadratus Lumborum (Ql) Terhadap Nyeri Kronik Pascabedah Laparoskopik Donor Ginjal Hidup Teknik Retroperitoneum = Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) and Quadratus Lumborum (QL) for Chronic Pain Post Laparoscopic Surgery of Living Kidney Donor Retroperitoneum Techniques.

Pendahuluan: Nefrektomi donor hidup perlaparoskopi adalah pendekatan standar emas untuk bedah ginjal donor hidup dikaitkan dengan nyeri pascabedah yang lebih ringan. RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo merupakan pusat transplantasi ginjal terbesar di Indonesia. Saat ini pembedahan donor ginjal hidup dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan transperitoneum menjadi retroperitoneum untuk mengurangi komplikasi berupa cidera organ viseral. Perubahan ini menyebabkan teknik blok tranverse abdominis plane (TAP) dan blok quadratus lumborum (QL) pendekatan anterior dianggap tidak memadai sebagai suplementasi analgesia intraoperatif, teknik anestesi regional yang dianggap tepat untuk pendekatan retroperitoneal adalah teknik blok erector spinae plane (ESP) dan blok QL pendekatan anterior subcostal yang terletak lebih posterior. Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) merupakan salah satu instrumen yang dapat menilai derajat nyeri dan gangguan nyeri kronik terhadap kegiatan sehari-hari yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain kohort retrospektif untuk analisis insiden dan derajat nyeri kronik terhadap teknik blok ESP dan blok QL pada pasien laparoskopik donor ginjal hidup dengan teknik retroperitoneum di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Sampel yang akan diambil di penelitian ini adalah semua pasien laparaskopi donor ginjal hidup teknik retroperitoneal minimal tiga bulan pascabedah sampai bulan Oktober 2022 dengan jumlah sampel 138 orang. Dilakukan juga analisa hubungan antara teknik blok dengan derajat akut, hubungan derajat nyeri akut, konsumsi opioid intraoperatif dan jenis analgesia pascabedah terhadap nyeri kronik dan hubungan karakteristik pasien terhadap nyeri kronik. Hasil: Teknik blok ESP dan blok QL tidak berbeda bermakna terhadap insiden (p=0,317) dan derajat nyeri kronik (p=1,000) pascabedah. Insiden nyeri kronik pascabedah laparaskopi donor hidup teknik retroperitoneal adalah 41 orang (27,7%) dengan karakteristik nyeri kronik derajat ringan 39 orang (95,2%). Teknik blok ESP dan blok QL berbeda bermakna terhadap derajat nyeri akut H-0 (p=0,045) dan derajat nyeri akut pascabedah bermakna terhadap insiden nyeri kronik pascabedah (p=0,04). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara karakteristik pasien pada status pekerjaan (p=0,032) dan jangka waktu pascabedah (p=0,05) terhadap insiden nyeri kronik pada pasien laparoskopik donor ginjal hidup teknik retroperitoneum. Kesimpulan: Teknik blok ESP dan blok QL tidak berbeda bermakna terhadap insiden dan derajat nyeri kronik pascabedah.
Kata kunci: Donor ginjal hidup, erector spinae plane, quadratus lumborum, nyeri kronik pascabedah, laparoskopik, retroperitoneum.


Introduction: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is the gold standard approach for living donor kidney surgery associated with less postoperative pain. RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo is the largest kidney transplant center in Indonesia. Currently living kidney donor surgery is performed using a transperitoneal approach to retroperitoneum in order to reduce complications of visceral organ injury. This change causes the transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block technique and the anterior approach of quadratus lumborum (QL) block technique to be considered inadequate as a supplement for intraoperative analgesia, regional anesthetic techniques that are considered appropriate for the retroperitoneal approach are the erector spinae plane (ESP) block technique and the QL block approach more posteriorly. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is an instrument that can assess the pain severity and pain interferences in daily activities used in this study. Methods: This study was conducted with a retrospective cohort design to analyze the incidence and severity of chronic pain using the ESP block and QL block in living kidney donor laparoscopic patients using retroperitoneum technique at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Samples taken in this study were all living kidney donor laparoscopic patients with retroperitoneal technique for at least three months postoperatively until October 2022 with a total sample of 138 people. Assessment of the correlation between block technique and acute pain severity was also carried out, the correlation between acute pain severity, intraoperative opioid consumption and types of postoperative analgesia to chronic pain and the correlation between patient characteristics and chronic pain. Results: ESP block technique and QL block technique were not significantly different on the incidence (p=0,317) and the severity of chronic pain after surgery (p=1,000). The incidence of chronic pain after laparoscopic living donor retroperitoneal surgery was 41 people (27,7%) with mild chronic pain of 39 people (95,2%). The ESP block technique and QL block technique differed significantly on the degree of acute pain H-0 (p=0,045). The degree of acute postoperative pain was significant to the incidence of postoperative chronic pain (p=0,04) and there was a significant correlation between patient characteristics in occupational status (p=0,032) and the postoperative period to chronic pain (p=0,05). Conclusion: The technique of ESP block and QL block did not differ significantly on the incidence and severity of postoperative chronic pain.
Keyword: Living kidney donor, erector spinae plane, quadratus lumborum, chronic postoperative pain, laparoscopic, retroperitoneum.