Tesis

Pengaruh Intervensi Berbasis Video terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Orangtua tentang Pneumonia, Penyakit Pneumokokus, dan Vaksin Pneumokokus Konjugasi di Indonesia = Effect of video-based intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and parental behavior regarding pneumonia, pneumococcal diseases, and pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in Indonesia.

Latar belakang: Vaksin pneumokokus konjugasi (PCV) merupakan vaksin yang terbukti dapat menurunkan mortalitas dan mobiditas akibat pneumonia dan penyakit pneumokokus invasif. Namun, banyak orangtua yang belum mengetahui vaksin. Studi ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh intervensi berbasis video terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua terhadap vaksinasi pneumokokus. Metode: Sebanyak 397 orangtua bayi usia ≤ 2 bulan di puskesmas wilayah DKI Jakarta direkrut sejak Oktober 2022 hingga Januari 2023 dengan metode stratified random sampling dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: kontrol (leaflet) dan intervensi (video). Penilaian pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, dan penerimaan terhadap vaksin PCV dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil: Edukasi menggunakan leaflet maupun video dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan orangtua, namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan peningkatan di antara kedua kelompok. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan proporsi perubahan skor sikap dan perilaku setelah perlakuan di antara kedua kelompok. Penerimaan vaksinasi PCV pada kedua kelompok mencapai > 90%, dan hanya sekitar 7% responden yang menolak. Alasan keraguan vaksinasi tersering adalah khawatir akan efek samping PCV. Di usia 2-3 bulan, 79-82% bayi responden sudah mendapatkan vaksin PCV minimal 1 dosis. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan kelengkapan dan ketepatan waktu vaksinasi PCV pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Edukasi menggunakan video maupun leaflet memiliki pengaruh yang sebanding terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, dan penerimaan vaksin PCV pada orangtua bayi usia ≤ 2 bulan di DKI Jakarta.
Kata kunci: edukasi kesehatan, penerimaan, pengetahuan, perilaku, sikap, vaksinasi pneumokokus konjugasi


Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been proven to reduce mortality and morbidity from pneumonia. However, parents have limited knowledge about it. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of video-based interventions on parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards PCV. Methods: A total of 397 parents of infants aged ≤ 2 months at DKI Jakarta health center were recruited from October 2022 to January 2023 by stratified random sampling and divided into: control (leaflets) and intervention (videos) group. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, behavior, acceptance of the PCV vaccine were carried out before and after treatment. Results: Leaflets and videos increased parental knowledge, but produced no difference in score increment. There was no difference in changes of attitude and behavior scores after treatment. Acceptance of PCV in both groups reached > 90%, and only about 7% of respondents refused vaccination. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy was side effects. At age of 2-3 months, 79-82% of respondents’ baby had received at least 1 dose of PCV vaccine. There were no differences in the completeness and timeliness of PCV vaccination. Conclusion: Videos and leaflets had a comparable effect on knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and acceptance of the PCV vaccine in parents of infants aged ≤ 2 months in DKI Jakarta.
Keywords: acceptance, attitude, behavior, health education, knowledge, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine