Tesis

Perbandingan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan Retinopati Diabetik terhadap Pasien Diabetes Melitus tanpa Retinopati Diabetik di Puskesmas Provinsi DKI Jakarta = Comparison of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Diabetic Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy to Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy at DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Center.

Latar belakang: Retinopati diabetik (diabetic retinopathy, DR) merupakan komplikasi diabetes mellitus (DM) yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Kesadaran pasien DM terhadap DR dapat diukur dari pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku (knowledge, attitude, practice, KAP) dalam pencegahan DR. Tujuan: Mengetahui serta membandingkan pola karakteristik demografi dan skor KAP pasien DM tanpa DR terhadap DM dengan DR di Puskesmas Provinsi DKI Jakarta menggunakan kuesioner yang teruji valid dan reliabel. Metode: Subjek dirandomisasi menggunakan cluster random sampling terhadap 17 Puskesmas di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang telah dilakukan skrining DR terhadap pasien DM. Hasil: Subjek terdiri dari 205 subjek dengan DR & 210 subjek tanpa DR. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok durasi DM, pendidikan terakhir, dan penghasilan perbulan terhadap pengetahuan. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok durasi DM, pendidikan terakhir, penghasilan perbulan, dan pekerjaan terhadap sikap. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar seluruh variabel kelompok terhadap perilaku. Pada kelompok tanpa DR, terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan dan perilaku (p < 0.001) dengan korelasi lemah (r: 0.37) dan terdapat korelasi antara sikap dan perilaku (p < 0.001) dengan korelasi sedang (r: 0.45). Pada kelompok dengan DR, terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan dan perilaku (p < 0.001) dengan korelasi lemah (r: 0.40) dan terdapat korelasi antara sikap dan perilaku (p < 0.001) dengan korelasi sedang (r: 0.45). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata skor perilaku (p: 0.036) antar kelompok tanpa DR dan dengan DR, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari rerata skor pengetahuan dan sikap. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku penderita DM tanpa DR dan dengan DR. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna perilaku antara kelompok tanpa DR dan dengan DR.
Kata kunci: diabetes melitus; karakteristik demografi; retinopati diabetik; pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku.



Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which can cause blindness. DM patient awareness of DR can be measured from knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in preventing DR. Purpose: Determine and compare the pattern of demographic characteristics and KAP scores of DM without DR to DM with DR groups at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Center using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Methods: Subjects were randomized using the cluster random sampling to 17 Community Health Centers in DKI Jakarta Province which had DR screening done for DM patients. Result: Subject consists of 205 subjects with DR & 210 subjects without DR. There were significant differences between groups of duration of DM, last education, and monthly income towards knowledge. There were significant differences between groups of duration of DM, last education, monthly income, and job towards attitude. There were significant differences between all group variables towards practice. In the group without DR, there was a correlation between knowledge and practice (p < 0.001) with a weak correlation (r: 0.37) and there was a correlation between attitude and practice (p < 0.001) with a moderate correlation (r: 0.45). In the group with DR, there was a correlation between knowledge and practice (p < 0.001) with a weak correlation (r: 0.40) and there was a correlation between attitude and practice (p < 0.001) with a moderate correlation (r: 0.45). There was a significant difference in the mean practice score (p: 0.036) between two groups, but there was no significant difference in the mean knowledge and attitude scores. Conclusion: There were a correlation between knowledge and attitude towards the practice of without DR and with DR groups. There were significant differences in practice between DM with DR and DM without DR groups.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; demographic characteristics; diabetic retinopathy; knowledge, attitude, and practice.