Skripsi

Hubungan Vaksinasi COVID-19 dan Derajat Keparahan Pasien COVID-19 di RSUI = The Relationship between COVID-19 Vaccination and Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients at RSUI.

Latar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 belum berakhir dan terus terjadi penambahan kasus terkonfirmasi dan meninggal. Salah satu upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam mengendalikan transmisi, serta menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat COVID-19 adalah vaksinasi. Namun, saat ini di Indonesia masih terdapat beberapa penduduk yang belum divaksin. Data terbaru yang mendukung mengenai hubungan antara vaksinasi dan derajat keparahan COVID-19 pun masih belum banyak. Sehingga studi ini dilakukan untuk mendalami apakah terdapat hubungan antara vaksinasi COVID- 19 dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (RSUI). Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat cross sectional yang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSUI pada Februari 2022-Maret 2022 serta pencarian data vaksinasi dari laman pedulilindungi.id. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 269. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Uji statistik untuk analisis data kategorik yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square. Sedangkan untuk data numerik dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney jika distribusi tidak normal. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 269 subjek, usia rata-ratanya adalah 47,52±19,364 (2SD) tahun, 53,9% diantaranya merupakan perempuan, dimana ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara usia (p < 0,001) dan jenis kelamin (p=0,005) dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19. Dari hasil analisis bivariat antara komorbiditas dengan derajat keparahan, didapatkan hanya pada penyakit kardiovaskular (p=0,001; RR=2,534; 95% CI= 1,438-4,464) dan diabetes (p=0,023; RR=2,046; 95% CI= 1,118-3,744) yang memiliki hubungan bermakna. Pada hasil analisis antara status vaksinasi dengan derajat keparahan didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna (p < 0,001; RR= 3,664; 95% CI= 2,112-6,356). Riwayat COVID-19 sebelumnya tidak dapat dianalisis karena data yang tidak mencukupi. Dari hasil analisis multivariat ditemukan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi derajat keparahan COVID-19 adalah status vaksinasi, usia, dan jenis kelamin. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar subjek (78,1%) telah menerima vaksin lengkap. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, komorbiditas penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes, serta vaksinasi COVID-19 dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19. Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara komorbiditas penyakit paru dan gangguan ginjal dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, Derajat Keparahan, Vaksinasi, RSUI



Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic remained a global emergency with 627,104,342 confirmed cases and 6,567,552 deaths. One of the strategies made by the government in controlling disease transmission, reducing morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 is vaccination. However, in Indonesia there are still some people who have not been vaccinated and there is also a lack of latest data that supports the relationship between vaccination and the disease severity of COVID-19. This study aims to explore whether there is a relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the severity of COVID-19 patients at the Universitas Indonesia Hospital (UIH). Method: This study is a cross-sectional study that uses medical record data from patients who were COVID-19 confirmed at RSUI in February 2022-March 2022 and vaccination data from pedulilindungi.id. The total sample in this study are 269 who have met the inclusion criteria. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling method. The statistical test for categorical data analysis that was used was the chi-square test. For the unfulfilled chi-square conditions, cell merging and Fisher's exact test was performed. As for the numerical data, it was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test due to non-normal distribution. Result: Of the 269 samples, the average age was 47.52±19.364 (2SD) years, 53.9% of whom were women, where a significant relationship was found between age (p < 0.001) and gender (p=0.005) with severity of COVID-19. From the results of the bivariate analysis between comorbidities and severity, only cardiovascular disease (p=0.001; RR=2.534; 95% CI=1.438-4.464) and diabetes (p=0.023; RR=2.046; 95% CI=1.118- 3.744) has a significant relationship. The results of the analysis between vaccination status and disease severity showed a significant relationship (p < 0.001; RR = 3.664; 95% CI = 2.112-6.356). Previous COVID-19 history could not be analysed due to insufficient data. Multivariate analysis shows that vaccination status, age, and gender affect COVID- 19 severity. Conclusion: Most of the sample (78,1%) was fully vaccinated. There is a significant relationship between age, gender, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and COVID-19 vaccination with the severity of COVID-19. However, there was no significant relationship between lung disease and kidney disorders with the severity of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19, severity, vaccination, UIH.