Skripsi

Hubungan Anemia dengan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Tegal Tahun 2021 = The Association between Anemia and Low Birth Weight in Kabupaten Tegal in 2021.

Latar belakang: Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan kondisi dimana bayi lahir dengan berat < 2500 gram. BBLR merupakan penyebab utama tingginya kematian neonatal dan faktor peningkatan resiko terjadinya komplikasi jangka pendek dan jangka panjang pada bayi. Berbagai macam faktor resiko diketahui memiliki asosiasi terhadap kejadian BBLR, diantaranya adalah anemia atau kondisi dimana kadar hemoglobin tubuh < 11 gr/dL. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara anemia dengan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah di Kabupaten Tegal Metode: Penelitian desain case-control menggunakan data rekam medis ibu beserta bayi yang dilahirkan di RSUD dr Soeselo pada tahun 2021 sebanyak 114 sampel (57 kasus, 57 kontrol). Analisis bivariat yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square dengan batas nilai kemaknaan 95%. Hasil: Dari 114 ibu melahirkan di RSUD dr Soeselo, didapatkan mayoritas ibu berusia 20-35 tahun, memiliki riwayat melahirkan 2-3 kali, memiliki status gizi berlebih dan 54 ibu mengalami anemia. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia dengan kejadian BBLR (p value=0.024, OR=2.357, 95%CI =1.111-5.002). Kesimpulan: Usia ibu, riwayat paritas dan status gizi ibu berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah. Sedangkan anemia memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah.
Kata kunci: faktor resiko, BBLR, anemia, kabupaten Tegal



Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a term to describe newborns with birth weight < 2,500 g. It is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in infants. LBW can increase the risk of short-term and long-term disease complications in infants. Several studies have suggested that maternal anemia (haemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dL within the red blood cells) was associated with low birth weight newborns. Objective: To determine the association between maternal anemia and low-birth-weight in the district of Tegal. Method: Case-control study using 114 samples (57 cases and 57 controls) collected from clinical record data of mothers who delivered their infants at RSUD dr Soeselo Kabupaten Tegal in 2021. The association of anemia and LBW was analyzed using chi square test (degree of convidence 95%). Result: From 114 samples that were studied (in which the majority of them were mothers aged 20-35 years old, mothers who had 2-3 parturitions, and mothers who is overweight and obese), 54 cases of anemia were found. Bivariate analysis showed that anemia has significant association with the case of low-birth-weight newborns (p value=0.024, OR=2.357, 95%CI =1.111 -5.002). Conclusion: Maternal anemia was associated with low birth weight. Mother’s age at childbirth, number of parturitions and nutritional status based on body mass index have no association with the case of low birth weight newborns.
Keywords: Risk factor, low-birth-weight, anemia, Kabupaten Tegal