Skripsi

Efek Paparan Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa) dan Camphor terhadap Mortalitas, Aktivitas Enzim Detoksifikasi, dan Perilaku Menghisap Darah Culex quinquefasciatus = The Effect of Turmeric Rhizome Extract (Curcuma longa) and Camphor on Culex Quinquefasciatus Mortality, Detoxification Enzyme Activity, and Blood Sucking Behavior.

Latar belakang: Filariasis masih merupakan masalah Kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan pemberantasan penyakit tersebut difokuskan pada pengendalian nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus. Senyawa dari tanaman terbukti dapat membunuh nyamuk betina Cx. quinquefasciatus melalui mekanisme metabolisme dan perilaku nyamuk tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa) dan camphor terhadap nyamuk betina Cx. quinquefasciatus melalui mekanisme metabolit enzim detoksifikasi dan perilaku makan darah (blood feeding rate) dan waktu kenyang (engorgement time). Metode: Nyamuk betina Cx. quinquefasciatus dipaparkan dengan kertas filter yang mengandung ekstrak rimpang kunyit atau camphor dengan konsentrasi 10, 25, dan 50 ppm. Bioassay nyamuk dewasa mengikuti metode WHO selama 24 jam dengan ulangan 3 kali. Aktivitas asetilkolinesterase (AChE), glutation s-tranferase (GST), dan oksidase diperiksa dengan metode biokimia. Perilaku makan darah (blood feeding rate) dan waktu kenyang (engorgement time) dilakukan dengan modifikasi metode Xue et al (2007). Hasil: Ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan camphor pada konsentrasi 50 ppm mengakibatkan angka mortalitas sebesar 100% pada nyamuk betina Cx. quinquefasciatus selama 24 jam dengan nilai LC50 pada kedua zat berturut turut sebesar 5,386 ppm dan 14,121 ppm. Terdapat peningkatan aktivitas AChE dan penghambatan aktivitas GST dan oksidase yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Terjadi perubahan perilaku nyamuk betina Cx. quinquefasciatus, yaitu makan darah (blood feeding rate) dan waktu kenyang (engorgement time) yang singkat. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan camphor pada konsentrasi 50 ppm memiliki potensi sebagai insektisida alternatif untuk mengendalikan populasi nyamuk Cx. quiquefasciatus.
Kata kunci: Culex quiquefasciatus, Curcuma longa, camphor, enzim detoksifikasi, perilaku nyamuk menghisap darah



Introduction: Filariasis is still a public health problem in Indonesia, and the eradication of the disease is focused on the control of the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. Compounds from plants have been shown to kill female mosquitoes Cx. quinquefasciatus through the metabolic mechanisms and behavior of these mosquitoes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of turmeric rhizome extract (Curcuma longa) and camphor on female mosquitoes, Cx. quinquefasciatus, through the mechanism of detoxification enzyme metabolites, blood feeding rate, and engorgement time. Method: The female mosquito, Cx. quinquefasciatus, was exposed to filter paper containing extracts of turmeric rhizome or camphor with concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 ppm. Adult mosquito bioassays follow the WHO method for 24 hours with a repeat of 3 times. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and oxidase were examined by biochemical methods. The modified method of Xue et al. (2007) was used to measure the blood feeding rate and the engorgement time. Result: Extracts of turmeric rhizomes and camphor at 50 ppm caused 100% mortality in female mosquitoes Cx. quinquefasciatus after 24 hours, with LC50 values of 5.386 ppm and 14.121 ppm, respectively. There was a significant increase in AChE activity and inhibition of GST and oxidase activity (p 0.05). There is a change in the behavior of the female mosquito, Cx. quinquefasciatus, in the form of a decrease in blood feeding rate and a short engorgement time. Conclusion: Turmeric rhizome extract and camphor at a concentration of 50 ppm have the potential as alternative insecticides to control the mosquito population of Cx. quiquefasciatus.
Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, Curcuma longa, camphor, detoxification enzymes, behavior of blood-sucking mosquitoes