Skripsi

Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) sebagai Pengkelat Besi pada Limpa Tikus Model Hemosiderosis = Effect of Phaleria macrocarpa’s Fruit Ethanol Extract as Iron Chelator in Hemosiderosis-Modeled Rats’ Spleen.

Latar belakang: Kondisi iron overload terjadi ketika zat besi sistemik berlebih sehingga terjadi penumpukan besi pada organ vital. Hal ini dapat terjadi akibat transfusi berulang dan peningkatan absorpsi besi pada pasien talasemia. Talasemia dapat menyebabkan splenomegali dan hiperaktivitas limpa, sedangkan penumpukan zat besi menyebabkan kerusakan DNA dan stress oksidatif. Mangiferin dalam buah Phaleria Macrocarpa memiliki potensi sebagai agen pengkelat besi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ekstrak etanol buah Mahkota Dewa dalam menurunkan kadar besi organ limpa tikus yang mengalami iron overload. Metode: Tikus Sprague-Dawley sejumlah 30 ekor dikelompokkan menjadi normal, kontrol negatif, deferiprone 462,5 mg/kgBB, mangiferin 50 mg/kgBB, Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB (PM1), dan Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBB (PM2). Setiap kelompok, kecuali normal, diinjeksikan iron sucrose 15 mg sebanyak 2 kali seminggu secara intraperitoneal. Pada minggu ke-8, dilakukan terminasi dan hasil pengambilan sampel organ limpa dibuatkan homogenat. Homogenat direaksikan dengan HNO3 dan asam perklorat, kemudian ditambahkan aquades dan disaring sebelum kadar besi diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Kadar besi dimasukkan ke dalam rumus dan dianalisis dengan Kruskall-Wallis. Hasil: Seluruh kelompok yang diinduksi besi memiliki kadar besi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok normal. Kelompok deferiprone (4194,860 (427,28-5570,22) μg/g), mangferin (2571,850 (1759,21 -4533,17) μg/g), dan PM1 (2142.260 (762.65- 2901.57) μg/g) memiliki kadar besi yang cenderung lebih tinggi daripada kelompok negatif (2075.830 (2030.27-2345.13) μg/g, sedangkan kadar besi PM2 (1796.830 (1755.75-2868.38) μg/g) cenderung lebih rendah dari kelompok negatif (2075.830 (2030.27-2345.13). Kesimpulan: Kelompok PM2 menurunkan kadar besi lebih besar daripada PM1, mangiferin, dan deferiprone sehingga penurunan kadar besi sebanding dengan dosis ekstrak etanol buah Mahkota Dewa.
Kata kunci: Kelebihan besi, mangiferin, Phaleria macrocarpa, kadar besi, limpa



Introduction: Iron overload condition happens when excessive systemic iron causing iron accumulation in vital organs. This condition can happen due to repeated transfusion and increased iron absorption in thalassemia’s patients. Thalassemia can cause splenomegaly and hypersplenism, while iron overload causes DNA’s damage and oxidative stress. Mangiferin from Phaleria macrocarpa’s fruit has potential as iron chelator and antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa’s fruit in reducing iron value in spleen from iron overloaded rats. Method: In total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups, labelled as normal, negative control, deferiprone 462,5 mg/kgBW, mangiferin 50 mg/kgBW, Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBW (PM1), and Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBW (PM2). Every group, except for normal, were administered with iron sucrose 15 mg twice a week through intraperitoneal. At the 8th week, termination was done, and the spleen’s samples were made into homogenates. Homogenates were reacted with HNO3 and perchlorate acid, then added with aquades and were filtered before iron levels were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Iron levels were inputted in the formula and analysed using Kruskall-Wallis. Result: All induced groups have higher iron levels compared to the normal group. Deferiprone (4194,860 (427,28-5570,22) μg/g), mangiferin (2571,850 (1759,21 -4533,17) μg/g), and PM1 (2142.260 (762.65-2901.57) μg/g) have higher (p < 0.05) iron levels compared to negative control, while iron levels of PM2 (1796.830 (1755.75-2868.38) μg/g) tended to be lower than negative control (2030.27-2345.13). Conclusion: PM2 group reduced iron levels more than PM1, mangiferin, and deferiprone thus iron levels’ reduce is parallel with dosage of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit ethanol extract.
Keywords: Iron overload, mangiferin, Phaleria macrocarpa, iron, spleen