Skripsi

Hubungan Dietary Diversity Score Anak Usia 24—36 Bulan dengan Status Gizi pada Kondisi COVID-19 di Jakarta Timur Tahun 2020 = Association Between Dietary Diversity Score of Children Aged 24—36 Months with Nutritional Status during COVID-19 in East Jakarta 2020.

Latar belakang: Di Indonesia, defisiensi makronutrien (stunting, wasting, dan underweight) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan. Salah satu penyebab dari stunting, wasting, dan underweight adalah kurang beragamnya diet yang dikonsumsi, yang dapat diukur dengan indikator dietary diversity score. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara status gizi anak usia 24—36 bulan dengan status gizi di Jakarta Timur tahun 2020. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini meneliti data sekunder, yang melibatkan sebanyak 85 subjek usia 24—36 bulan di kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Riwayat asupan makan didata menggunakan 24-hour recall, yang akan digunakan untuk menghitung dietary diversity score. Total skor dihitung berdasarkan jumlah kelompok makanan yang dikonsumsi (9 kelompok), yang dikelompokkan menjadi DDS rendah, sedang, tinggi. Status gizi diukur berdasarkan nilai skor Z dari height-for-age, weightfor-age, dan weight-for-height. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis deskriptif, uji chisquare, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, dan regresi logistik binomial, menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics versi 28.0.1.1. Hasil: Usia subjek memiliki median 30 (24-36) bulan, dimana 50,6% adalah perempuan. Mayoritas subjek memiliki DDS sedang (54,1%) dengan 20% dan 25,9% subjek, secara berturut-turut, memiliki DDS rendah dan tinggi. Prevalensi subjek dengan stunting, underweight, dan wasting, secara berturut-turut adalah 36,5%, 29,4%, dan 7,1%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara DDS dengan stunting, underweight, ataupun wasting. Melalui analisis multivariat, terdapat dua faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan stunting, yakni jenis kelamin (p=0,025) dan tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,047). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, dapat dilihat bahwa, selain keragaman pangan, terdapat beberapa faktor lain yang memengaruhi status gizi anak, seperti jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan ibu. Oleh sebab itu, pemberian edukasi kepada ibu terhadap diet anak yang sehat dapat menjadi suatu bentuk tindakan pencegahan terhadap undernutrition.
Kata kunci: 24—36 bulan; COVID-19; dietary diversity score; keragaman pangan, status gizi, stunting; underweight; wasting



Introduction: In Indonesia, macronutrient deficiency (stunting, wasting, and underweight) is still a health problem. One of the causes of stunting, wasting, and underweight is the lack of variety in the diet consumed, which can be measured by an indicator called dietary diversity score. This study aims to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of children aged 24-36 years with nutritional status in East Jakarta in 2020. Method: This cross-sectional study examined a secondary data, involving 85 subjects aged 24—36 months in Kampung Melayu sub-district, East Jakarta. Food intake history was recorded using 24-hour recall, which will be used to calculate the dietary diversity score. The total score was calculated based on the number of food groups consumed (9 groups), which were grouped into low, medium, high DDS. Nutritional status was measured based on the Z score of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height. Data analysis was performed through descriptive analysis, chi-square test, KruskalWallis, Mann-Whitney, and binomial logistic regression, by using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.1.1. Result: The subjects had a median age of 30 (24-36) months, of which 50.6% were female and 49.4% were male. The majority of subjects had medium DDS (54.1%) with 20% and 25.9% of subjects, respectively, having low and high DDS. The prevalence of subjects with stunting, underweight, and wasting was 36.5%, 29.4%, and 7.1%, respectively. There is no significant relationship between DDS and stunting, underweight, or wasting. Through multivariate analysis, there were two factors that were significantly associated to stunting, which are gender (p=0.025) and mother's education level (p=0.047). Conclusion: In this study, it can be seen that, in addition to food diversity, there are many other factors that influence the nutritional status of children, such as gender and maternal education. Therefore, providing education to mothers about a healthy child's diet can be used as a form of preventive action against undernutrition.
Keywords: 24—36 months; COVID-19; dietary diversity; dietary diversity score; nutritional status; stunting; underweight; wasting