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The Association between Occupational Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer In Worker: An Evidence-Based Case Report.

Background Cadmium has an important role because this element is widely used in various industries. Cadmium penetrates and can be accumulated in human body including prostate. Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic and exposure to this metal is known to be human carcinogens. The aim of this evidence-based case report is to get an appropriate answer about the association between occupational cadmium exposure and prostate cancer in worker. Method The literature searching was conducted through PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, Cohort Study, Casecontrol Study, Cross-sectional Study, worker with occupational cadmium exposure, and prostate cancer outcome. Then, they were critically appraised using relevant criteria by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine for etiological study or systematic review. Result Two relevant and valid articles with systematic review and meta-analysis study design were included. Studies by Ju-Kun, et al. showed that the combined standardized mortality ratio of the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer was 1.66 (95% CI 1.10–2.50) in populations exposed to occupational Cd. While a study by Chen, et al. showed that workers with cadmium exposure have more risk for prostate cancer than general population but was not significant statistically with the weighted OR in casecontrol studies was 1.17 (95%CI [0.85-1.62]), and the weighted standardized mortality ratio (*100) in cohort studies was 98 (95%CI [75-126]). Conclusion and recommendation The current evidences do not show sufficient evidence to ensure that cadmium exposure can cause prostate cancer in worker. It is recommended to be more alert for workers with high cadmium exposure because one systematic review suggests high Cd exposure as a risk factor for prostate cancer in occupational rather than nonoccupational populations. Although this result should be carefully interpreted because of the significant heterogeneity. Further research with better study design is needed to provide strong evidence that cadmium exposure can cause prostate cancer in worker. Key words Prostate cancer, cadmium exposure, worker.