Tesis

Stresor Kerja Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi COVID-19 dan Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Pada Pekerja di Industri Manufaktur Alat Berat PT.X = Work Stressors Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Factors for Workers in the PT.X Heavy Equipment Manufacturing Industry.

Latar Belakang: Bahaya psikososial merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama sehingga perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan pengelolaan agar tidak menyebabkan kerugian mental dan fisik pada pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan stresor kerja sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada pekerja industri manufaktur alat berat PT.X. Metode: Desain cohort retrospective menggunakan data Medical Check Up (MCU) tahun 2018 dan 2021 yang mempunyai kuesioner Survei Diagnosis Stres (SDS). Jumlah sampel sebanyak 146 orang. Variabel bebas adalah faktor pekerjaan (jenis pekerjaan, masa kerja, durasi lembur), dan faktor individu (status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan). Variabel tergantung adalah enam jenis stressor kerja yaitu ketaksaan peran, konflik peran, beban kerja kuantitatif, beban kerja kualitatif, perkembangan karir, tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji proporsi, dan rerata. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan stresor sedang-berat sebelum dan selama pandemi pada ketaksaan peran, konflik peran, beban kerja kuantitatif, dan perkembangan karir, sebaliknya, untuk beban kerja kualitatif, dan tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain mengalami penurunan selama pandemi. Perburukan paling banyak pada ketaksaan peran, dan tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain. Selain itu, pada jenis pekerjaan produksi dan bukan produksi, terdapat hasil yang signifikan pada beban kerja kuantitatif sebelum pandemi (p=0,043), dan beban kerja kualitatif selama pandemi (p= 0,043) Kesimpulan: Stresor ketaksaan peran, konflik peran, beban kerja kuantitatif, dan perkembangan karir meningkat selama pandemi, dimana perburukan paling banyak pada ketaksaan peran dan perkembangan karir. Selain itu, stresor beban kerja kualitatif mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan jenis pekerjaan selama pandemi COVID-19.
Kata kunci: COVID-19; manufaktur; pandemi; stresor kerja; Survei Diagnosis Stres (SDS)


Background: Psychosocial hazards are a major public health problem, so it is necessary to prevent and manage so as not to cause mental and physical harm to workers. This study aims to determine changes in work stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors to workers in the PT.X heavy equipment manufacturing industry. Methods: The retrospective cohort method uses Medical Check Up (MCU) data which has a Stress Diagnosis Survey questionnaire in 2018 and 2021. The number of samples is 146 people who have been selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables are occupational factors (type of work, length of service, duration of overtime), and individual factors (marital status, education level). The dependent variables are six types of work stressors: role ambiguity, role conflict, quantitative workload, qualitative workload, career development, and responsibility to others. Bivariate analysis using proportion and mean test. Results: There was an increase in moderate-to-severe stressors before and during the pandemic in role ambiguity, role conflict, quantitative workload, and career development. In contrast, qualitative workload and responsibility for others decreased during the pandemic, where the most aggravation was in role ambiguity and career development. In addition, in the types of production and non-production work, there were significant results in quantitative workloads before the pandemic (p=0.043), and qualitative workloads during the pandemic (p=0.043) Conclusions: Role ambiguity stressors, role conflict, quantitative workload, and career development increased during the pandemic, where the most aggravation was in role ambiguity and career development. In addition, qualitative workload stressors significantly correlate with the type of work during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; manufacturing; pandemic; work stressors; Stress Diagnosis Survey (SDS)