Tesis

Kesesuaian audiometri nada murni, high frequency audiometry dan distortion product otoacoustic emissions untuk deteksi dini gangguan pendengaran akibat bising pada teknisi mesin pesawat terbang di Skadron Udara 2 Halim Perdanakusuma = The Compatibility of Pure Tone Audiometry, High Frequency Audiometry and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions for Early Detection of Hearing Loss Due to Noise in Aircraft Engine Technicians in Squadron 2 Halim Perdanakusuma.

Latar belakang : Teknisi pesawat terbang militer merupakan salah satu profesi yang berisiko terpajan bising saat bertugas. Aktivitas penerbangan militer dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan pendengaran akibat bising (GPAB). GPAB awalnya tidak dikeluhkan oleh teknisi, namun pada pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni menunjukkan penurunan nilai ambang pendengaran dan bersifat sensorineural. Deteksi dini gangguan pendengaran sebelum terjadi gangguan pendengaran meluas ke frekuensi percakapan sangat penting karena GPAB bersifat permanen namun hal tersebut dapat dicegah. Audiometri nada murni tidak menyertakan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi ( > 8KHz) dan pemeriksaan ini tidak peka terhadap kerusakan akibat bising yang terjadi pada koklea. High Frequency Audiometry (HFA) dan Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dini GPAB. HFA mengevaluasi ambang pendengaran pada frekuensi yang lebih tinggi dari 8000 Hz. DPOAE dapat menilai selsel rambut luar koklea yang sensitif terhadap pajanan bising yang berlebihan dan dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dini GPAB. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran DPOAE, audiometri nada murni, HFA dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi gambaran DPOAE dan HFA. Penelitian ini juga untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antar gambaran audiometri dengan DPOAE pada teknisi yang terpajan bising mesin pesawat di Skadron Udara 2. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan 27 Desember 2021- 14 Januari 2022 di Skadron Udara 2 dan RSAU dr. Esnawan Antariksa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan subjek penelitian adalah teknisi mesin pesawat terbang di Skadron Udara 2 yang berusia 20-58 tahun, semuanya pria, dengan masa dinas minimal lima tahun dan bebas bising 12 jam sebelum pemeriksaan. Subjek penelitian didapatkan 50 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pemeriksaan menggunakan audiometri nada murni, HFA dan DPOAE Hasil: Berdasarkan DPOAE, terdapat 23 subjek (46%) dengan SNR 8KHz) and is insensitive to noise-induced damage to the cochlea. High Frequency Audiometry (HFA) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) can be used for early detection of NIHL. HFA evaluates hearing thresholds at frequencies higher than 8KHz. DPOAE can assess cochlear outer hair cells that are sensitive to excessive noise exposure and can be used for early detection of NIHL. Objective: This study was conducted to determine DPOAE, pure tone audiometry, HFA and the factors that affect DPOAE and HFA images on technicians exposed to aircraft noise in Air Squadron 2. This research also determine the compatibility of audiometric images with DPOAE on technicians exposed to noise. Methods: The study was conducted December 27 th ,2021 until January 14 th ,2022 at the Squadron 2 and Esnawan Antariksa Air Force Hospital. This research use cross sectional design with the subjects are aircraft engine technicians in Air Squadron 2 aged 20-58 years, all men, with a minimum service period of five years and noise-free 12 hours before the examination. The subjects of this study were 50 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Examination using pure tone audiometry, HFA and DPOAE. Results: Based on the DPOAE, there were 23 subjects (46%) with SNR < 6 in the right ear and 25 subjects (50%) with SNR < 6 in the left ear. Based on pure tone audiometry examination, there were 18 subjects (36%) with an increased intensity in the right ear and 15 subjects (30%) with an increased intensity in the left ear. Based on the HFA examination, there were 14 subjects (28%) with an increased intensity in the right ear and 13 subjects (26%) with an increased intensity in the left ear. The use of hearing protection equipment is the most influenced risk factor which affected the results of DPOAE and HFA. On audiometric and DPOAE examination at a frequency of 3 kHz and 10 kHz showed a significant relationship with moderate (adequate), frequencies of 4 kHz and 6 kHz there was a significant relationship with conformity, while at a frequency of 8000 there was a significant relationship with fair compliance. Conclusion: Pure tone audiometry, HFA and DPOAE can be used complementary in early detection of NIHL
Keywords: Aircraft technician, noise-induced hearing loss, early detection, pure tone audiometry, high frequency audiometry and DPOAE