Tesis

Peran Morfologis Lesi Berdasarkan Ultrasonografi Payudara Dalam Membedakan Kanker Payudara Subtipe Luminal A dan Luminal B di RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo = The role of morphological lesion of breast ultrasound in differentiating luminal A and luminal B Subtype Breast Cancer at RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara adalah salah satu keganasan yang paling sering dan penyebab utama kematian terkait kanker pada perempuan. Ultrasonografi (USG) merupakan modalitas radiologis yang paling banyak dipakai dan banyak tersedia untuk menilai kelainan payudara. Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik molekular kanker payudara di antaranya adalah subtipe luminal A dan luminal B. Hasil imunohistokimia menjadi dasar dalam pemberian terapi dan prognosis pasien kanker payudara, namun pemeriksaan tersebut belum tersedia secara luas. Data temuan morfologis lesi berdasarkan USG payudara dalam membedakan kanker payudara subtipe luminal A dan luminal B masih terbatas dan memberikan hasil yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui temuan morfologis lesi berdasarkan USG payudara yang dapat membedakan kanker payudara subtipe luminal A dan luminal B. Metode: Studi retrospektif ini melibatkan subyek dengan kanker payudara yang belum mendapat terapi serta memiliki data USG dan data imunohistokima subtipe luminal A dan luminal B. Dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square antara temuan morfologis USG (echogenic rim, batas spikulasi, posterior shadowing, dan indeks Adler) dengan imunohistokimia subtipe luminal A dan luminal B. Hasil: Diperoleh 188 subyek dengan usia rerata subyek 49,4 tahun, nilai median ukuran lesi 6 cm, dan sebesar 68% subyek adalah stadium lokal lanjut. Proporsi kelompok luminal B 62% sedangkan luminal A 38%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara stadium kanker payudara dengan kelompok subtipe luminal (p = 0,014). Ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara morfologis lesi echogenic rim dengan kelompok luminal, dengan nilai p = 0,03 dan OR 1,94 (95% CI 1,06 – 3,55). Pada analisis subyek usia ≥ 50 tahun ditemukan perbedaan proporsi yang signifikan pada ukuran tumor (p = 0,043), stadium (p = 0,001), echogenic rim (p = 0,05), dan penebalan kutis subkutis (p = 0,007). Simpulan: Proporsi temuan echogenic rim berdasarkan USG payudara di kelompok kanker payudara subtipe luminal A secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibandingkan subtipe luminal B. Adanya lesi dengan echogenic rim maka kemungkinan untuk diagnosis kanker payudara subtipe luminal A adalah 1,94 kali dibandingkan lesi tanpa echogenic rim.
Kata kunci: kanker payudara, ultrasonografi, imunohistokimia, luminal A, luminal B


Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Ultrasonography (USG) is the most widely used radiology modality for assessing breast abnormalities. Immunohistochemistry examination allow to determine the molecular characteristics of breast cancer, includes luminal A and luminal B subtypes. The results are used as the treatment guidance and prognosis, but these tests are not widely available. The study of morphologic lesions based of breast ultrasound to differentiate luminal A and luminal B subtypes of breast cancer are still limited and give varied results. The aim of this study is to determine the morphologic lesions on breast ultrasound that can be used to differentiate luminal A and luminal B subtype. Method: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing imaging of subjects with untreated breast cancer who had undergone ultrasound examination and immunohistochemistry examination of luminal A and luminal B subtypes. Chi Squared test was performed to evaluate the relationship between morphological findings of ultrasound (echogenic rim, spiculation, posterior shadowing, and Adler's index) and luminal A and luminal B subtypes breast cancer. Result: Total subject was 188 with the mean age of the subjects was 49,4 years, the median value of the lesion size was 6 cm, and 68% of the subjects were locally advanced stage. Luminal B group was 62% of the subject while luminal A was 38%. There was a significant difference between the stage of breast cancer and the luminal subtype group (p = 0,014). A significant difference also was found between the echogenic rim lesions and the luminal group, with p value = 0,03 and OR 1,94 (95% CI 1,06 – 3,55). In the subgroup analysis (aged ≥ 50 years), also noted that there were significant differences in the proportion of tumor size (p = 0,043), stage (p = 0,001), echogenic rim (p = 0,05), and skin thickening (p = 0,007). Conclusion: The proportion of echogenic rim findings in the luminal A subtype breast cancer group was significantly higher than the luminal B subtype. The presence of a lesion with an echogenic rim means the probability of a diagnosis of luminal A subtype breast cancer is 1,94 times compared to lesion without an echogenic rim.
Keywords: breast cancer, ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, luminal A, luminal B