Tesis

Karakteristik Infeksi Blastocystis hominis dan Giardia duodenalis pada Populasi Anak Stunting di Kabupaten Bandung = Characteristics of Intestinal Protozoa Parasite Infection in Stunting Children Population in Bandung Regency.

Infeksi Blastocystis hominis dan Giardia duodenalis diperkirakan menginfeksi 3,5 juta populasi di seluruh dunia. Stunting merupakan manifestasi kondisi gizi buruk atau malnutrisi yang parah. Anak usia 1-5 tahun berisiko lebih tinggi untuk terinefksi karena sitem imun belum matang. Infeksi B. hominis dan G. duodenalis pada kondisi immunokompromis dapat menimbulkan morbiditas lebih tinggi, termasuk pada keadaan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik infeksi B.hominis dan G.duodenalis usus pada populasi anak stunting di Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional di Kabupaten Bandung yang telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2020 dan sampel diperiksa di Laboratorium Parasitologi RSP Unpad. Sampel penelitian berupa sampel feses dengan preservasi formalin dan RNA later. Data mengenai faktor risiko dan demografis didapatkan melalui wawancara. Total sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 230 sampel. Metode pemeriksaan dilakukan menggunakan metode mikroskopik untuk sampel dengan preservasi formalin, dan metode molekuler (PCR) untuk sampel dengan preservasi RNA later. Analisis data dilakukan uji bivariat dan multivariat. Terdapat 13 sampel positif G. duodenalis dan 128 sampel positif B. hominis dari jumlah total 230 sampel. Variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan ayah tamat SD dan SMP, pendidikan ibu tidak sekolah, penghasilan di bawah UMR, sumber air menggunakan sumur pompa tangan, jarak sumber air dengan septic tank dan ketidaktersediaan septic tank memiliki nilai risk ratio > 1 terhadap infeksi G. duodenalis dan B. hominis. Variabel umur (p-value 0,033), gejala lemas (pvalue 0,018), dan keberadaan septic tank (p-value 0,013) memiliki korelasi signifikan terhadap kejadian infeksi G. duodenalis berdasarkan uji multivariat. Variabel jenis kelamin memiliki (p-value 0,037) korelasi signifikan terhadap kejadian infeksi B. hominis berdasarkan uji multivariat. Usia, jenis kelamin, dan keberadaan septic tank di rumah merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap infeksi B. hominis dan G. duodenalis. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan menggunakan kontrol balita non-stunting untuk melihat perbandingan dan korelasi lebih dalam antara stunting dan kejadian infeksi.
Kata Kunci : Blastocystis hominis, Giardia duodenalis, Anak balita, Stunting


Blastocystis hominis and Giardia duodenalis infections are estimated to infect 3.5 million people worldwide. Stunting is a manifestation of poor nutritional conditions or severe malnutrition. Children aged 1-5 years are at higher risk for infection due to immature immune factors. B.hominis and G. duodenalis infections in immunocompromised conditions can cause higher morbidity, including stunting. This study aims to determine the characteristics of intestinal protozoan parasite infections in the stunting child population in Bandung Regency. This study is a cross-sectional study in Bandung Regency which was carried out in January-March 2020 and the sample was examined at the Parasitology Laboratory of RSP Unpad. The research samples were feces samples with preservation of formalin and RNA later. Data regarding risk factors and demographic data were obtained through interviews. The total sample in this study was 230 samples. The examination method was carried out using a microscopic method for samples with formalin preservation, and molecular methods (PCR) for samples with later RNA preservation. Data analysis was carried out by bivariate and multivariate tests. There were 13 positive samples for G. duodenalis and 128 positive samples for B. hominis out of a total of 230 samples. The variables of gender, father's education graduated from elementary and junior high school, mother's education is not in school, income below the minimum wage, water source using hand pump wells, distance from water source to septic tank and unavailability of septic tank has a risk ratio value > 1 for G.duodenalis and B. hominis infections. Variable age (p-value 0.033), symptoms of weakness (p-value 0.018), and the presence of a septic tank (p-value 0.013) had a significant correlation to the incidence of G. duodenalis infection based on multivariate tests. The gender variable (p-value 0.037) was significantly correlated with the incidence of B. hominis infection based on a multivariate test. Age, gender, and the presence of a septic tank at home are factors that influence B. hominis and G. duodenalis infections. Further research is needed using control of non-stunting toddlers to see deeper comparisons and correlations between stunting and the incidence of infection.
Keywords : Blastocystis hominis, Giardia duodenalis, Children under five, Stunting