Tesis

mparison of Protein Source Food Availability Between Mountainous and Inland Fisheries Area in Malang District = Perbandingan Ketersediaan Pangan Sumber Protein Antara Pegunungan dan Perikanan Darat di Kabupaten Malang.

Inadequate food particularly protein intake in a long term can lead to stunt growth, slow cognitive development, and increase the risk of mortality, morbidity, and disability. Farmers who live in mountainous and inland fisheries areas play important roles for people worldwide as food producers for the community. Hence, farmers were vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity and malnutrition. This study aims to compare protein source food availability at meso and household level, and accessibility among farmer households in mountainous and inland fisheries areas in Malang District to provide broader information about food that is available in the local area the discrepancies within it, and factors that affect the availability. This cross-sectional study enrolled 182 respondents (mountainous=110; inland fisheries=72). Using a 7-days food record, the availability of protein source food in the household was assessed. Protein source food in meso level data were collected from local district and subdistrict offices. Socio-demographic and accessibility data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Availability in meso level was presented descriptively. Mann-Whitney U-Test was used to analyze the protein source food availability at the household level. Factors that affected availability in the household were analyzed using median regression. There was no difference in protein food availability in both areas (p=0.67); the median was 69.58 g/capita/day in mountainous and 61.75 g/capita/day in inland fisheries. The availability of dried fish, Ultra-high temperature milk, and fresh milk was higher in mountainous (pvalue 0.015;0.037;0.002), while powdered milk was lower than inland fisheries (p=0.011). Availability at the meso level mostly comes from milk, eggs, and chicken. While at the household level comes from eggs, chicken, fish, and seafood. Analyzed using median regression, market distance positively affected the household level's availability (β 33.03, p=0.009). This result can give insight about protein source food availability from the meso to micro and compare the data for future locally based intervention.
Keywords: protein, food availability, food accessibility, farmers, agricultural area


Asupan makanan yang kurang, terutama protein dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan stunting, perkembangan kognitif yang lambat, dan meningkatkan risiko kematian, kesakitan, dan kecacatan. Petani yang hidup di daerah pegunungan dan perikanan darat memiliki peran penting dalam memproduksi makanan bagi masyarakat, namun mereka masih rentan terhadap kerawanan pangan dan gizi serta malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketersediaan pangan sumber protein di tingkat meso dan rumah tangga, dan aksesibilitas antar rumah tangga petani di daerah pegunungan dan perikanan darat di Kabupaten Malang untuk memberikan informasi yang lebih luas tentang pangan yang tersedia di daerah setempat, ketidaksesuaian di dalamnya dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. ketersediaan. Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan 182 responden (pegunungan=110; perikanan darat=72). Menggunakan 7-days food record, ketersediaan makanan sumber protein di rumah tangga dinilai. Data pangan sumber protein di tingkat meso dikumpulkan dari kantor kecamatan dan kelurahan setempat. Data sosiodemografis dan aksesibilitas dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Ketersediaan di tingkat meso disajikan secara deskriptif. Uji U Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan pangan sumber protein di tingkat rumah tangga. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan dalam rumah tangga dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi median. Tidak ada perbedaan ketersediaan di kedua wilayah (p=0,67); median pangan sumber protein di daerah pegunungan adalah 69,58 g/kapita/hari dan 61,75 g/kapita/hari pada perikanan darat. Ketersediaan ikan kering, susu suhu ultra-tinggi, dan susu segar lebih tinggi di pegunungan (p-value 0,015; 0,037; 0,002), sedangkan susu bubuk lebih rendah daripada perikanan darat (p=0,011). Ketersediaan di tingkat meso sebagian besar berasal dari susu, telur, dan ayam. Sedangkan di tingkat rumah tangga berasal dari telur, ayam, ikan, dan hasil laut. Dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi median, jarak pasar berpengaruh positif terhadap ketersediaan tingkat rumah tangga (β 33,03, p=0,009). Hasil ini dapat memberikan wawasan tentang ketersediaan pangan sumber protein dari meso hingga mikro dan membandingkan data untuk intervensi berbasis lokal di masa mendatang.
Kata kunci: protein, ketersediaan pangan, aksesibilitas pangan, petani, daerah pertanian.