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Penentuan Kadar Total Fenolik, Flavonoid dan Uji In Vitro Ekstrak Spirulina platensis terhadap Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Sel Kanker Payudara MCF7 = Determination of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and In Vitro Assay of Spirulina platensis Extract on Inhibiting MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth.

Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis insidensi kanker yang mengalami peningkatan berdasarkan data WHO 2020. Doksorubisin adalah salah satu agen kemoterapi yang tidak hanya memberikan efek toksik pada sel kanker, namun juga dapat menimbulkan efek toksik pada sel-sel normal sehingga diperlukan alternatif obat antikanker baru. Obat herbal banyak menjadi alternatif dan memiliki kelebihan dari segi efek samping yang minimal dibandingkan regimen terapi standar. Atas alasan tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas mikroalga Spirulina platensis sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara MCF7. Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar senyawa fenolik total, flavonoid total, dan efek sitotoksik ekstrak Spirulina platensis terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF7 dibandingkan dengan doksorubisin. Metode: Spirulina platensis diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol, etil asetat, dan nheksana. Ekstrak diuji kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total. Kadar fenolik total ditentukan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Kadar flavonoid total didapatkan dari metode kolorimetri alumunium klorida. Aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak Spirulina platentsis dan doksorubisin dianalisis menggunakan uji MTT assay. Hasil: Kadar fenolik total ekstrak etanol Spirulina platensis sebesar 222,282 ± 0,504 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan ekstrak etil asetat Spirulina platensis sebesar 221,077 ± 0,312 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etil asetat sebesar 18,51 ± 0,134 mg QE/g ekstrak dan ekstrak etanol sebesar 2,51 ± 0,015 mg QE/g ekstrak. Aktivitas antikanker MTT assay ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan doksorubisin berturut-turut adalah 28,578 μg/mL; 44,544 μg/mL; dan 1,876 μg/mL. Kesimpulan: Ketiga ekstrak (etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana) Spirulina platensis dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara MCF7, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif terapi bagi pasien kanker payudara.
Kata kunci: Fenolik, Flavonoid, Spirulina platensis, Sel MCF7, Payudara, Antikanker


Introduction: Breast cancer incidence has increased based on WHO 2020 data. Doxorubicin is one of the chemotherapy agent that not only has toxic effect on cancer cells, but also can cause toxic effect on normal cells. Consequently a new anticancer therapy as treatment alternatives are needed. Herbal medicine become the alternative that provide advantages in terms of minimal side effect compared to standard therapeutic regiment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Spirulina platensis microalga as growth inhibitor for MCF7 breast cancer cells. Purpose: To determine total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, and cytotoxic effect of Spirulina platensis extract on MCF7 breast cancer cell compared to doxorubicin. Method: Spirulina platensis was extracted using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. The extracts were tested for total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content. TPC was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. TFC was obtained from alumunium chloride colorimetric method. The cytotoxic activity of Spirulina platensis extract and doxorubin was analyzed using the MTT assay. Result: TPC of Spirulina platensis ethanol extract was 222.282 ± 0.504 mg GAE/g extract and Spirulina platensis ethyl acetate extract was 221.077 ± 0.312 mg GAE/g extract. TFC of Spirulina platensis ethyl acetate extract was 18.51 ± 0.134 mg QE/g extract and Spirulina platensis ethanol extract 2.51 ± 0.015 mg QE/g extract. The anticancer activity of MTT assay extracts of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and doxorubicin respectively were 28,578 g/mL; 44,544 g/mL; and 1.876 g/mL. Conclusion: Ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane of Spirulina platensis extract can inhibit the growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells, and so it can be potentially applied as treatment alternatives for breast cancer patients.
Keywords: Phenolic, Flavonoid, Spirulina platensis, MCF7 Cell, Breast, Anticancer.