Text

Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Perubahan Berat Badan Mahasiswa Kedokteran Tahun Akhir Preklinik = Correlation of Food Habits and Weight Change in Final Year Preclinical Medical Students.

Latar belakang: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan berat badan pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun akhir preklinik dibanding awal masuk perguruan tinggi dan hubungannya dengan pola makan serta faktor lain yaitu demografi, aktivitas fisik, tingkat stres, dan durasi tidur. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif dan dilakukan secara online pada Agustus-Oktober 2021 dengan 150 subjek mahasiswa FKUI Angkatan 2018 saat tahun akhir preklinik. Data antropometri tahun akhir preklinik diperoleh berdasarkan pengakuan responden. Sementara data pengukuran antropometri tahun pertama diperoleh dari Klinik Makara UI. Pola makan diukur berdasarkan tingkat melewatkan waktu makan, frekuensi makan besar, jam makan malam, dan frekuensi mengonsumsi makanan berdasarkan jenisnya (buah, sayur, ikan, daging segar, daging olahan, susu, makanan cepat saji, legum, kacang, camilan, dan alkohol). Kuesioner pola makan diadaptasi dari Riskesdas 2018 dan WHO STEPS Instrument. Dilakukan juga pengukuran menggunakan Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, dan durasi tidur yang dikategorikan berdasarkan National Sleep Foundation. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan berat badan dengan rerata 1,92 kg (p < 0,001). Sebanyak 30,7% subjek mengalami peningkatan berat badan dan 45,4% subjek mengalami overweight/obesitas. Variabel independen yang berhubungan signifikan dengan perubahan berat badan adalah frekuensi makan besar (p=0,005), frekuensi mengonsumsi makanan cepat saji (p=0,024), frekuensi mengonsumsi camilan (p=0,040), dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,031), sementara variabel lain tidak berhubungan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan berat badan yang bermakna pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun akhir preklinik dibanding awal masuk perguruan tinggi yang berhubungan dengan frekuensi makan besar, konsumsi makanan cepat saji, dan konsumsi camilan.
Kata kunci: pola makan, perubahan berat badan, mahasiswa kedokteran


Introduction: This study aims to evaluate weight change among final year preclinical medical students compared to the beginning of college and its association with food habits and other cofactors studied namely demographic factors, physical activity, stress levels, and sleep duration. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted online in August-October 2021 on 150 final year preclinical medical students, Universitas Indonesia batch 2018. Anthropometric data at the end of the pre-clinical year were self-reported by the subjects while anthropometric data in year 1 was obtained from Makara UI Clinic. Food habits were measured based on skipping meals, large meal consumption frequency, dinner time, and food consumption (fruits, vegetables, fish, fresh meat, processed meat, dairy, fast food, legumes, nuts, snacks, and alcohol). Food habits questionnaire was adapted from Riskesdas 2018 and WHO STEPS Instrument. Other factors were measured using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and sleep duration categorized by National Sleep Foundation. Result: Significant weight gain (average of 1.92 kg; p < 0.001) in final preclinical year was observed with a total of 30.7% of subjects experienced weight gain and 45.4% were overweight/obese. Large meals consumption frequency (p=0.005), consuming fast food (p=0.024), consuming snacks (p=0,016) and physical activity (p=0,031) had significant relationship with weight changes, while other variables were not related. Conclusion: There was a significant weight gain in final year preclinical medical students compared to the beginning of college that had a significant relationship with large meals consumption frequency, fast food consumption, and snacks consumption.
Keywords: food habits, weight change, medical students