Tesis

Karakteristik Klinis dan Luaran Neonatus yang Terkonfirmasi COVID- 19 di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama Pandemi COVID-19 = Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Confirmed COVID-19 Neonates at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ditetapkan oleh WHO sebagai pandemi pada bulan Maret 2020. Kelompok umur 0-2 tahun memiliki persentase kematian tertinggi (case fatality rate 0,71%) dari seluruh kelompok usia anak. Gejala infeksi COVID-19 yang berat pada neonatus dapat disebabkan karena transmisi vertikal, atau penyakit komorbid, misalnya prematuritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik klinis dan luaran berupa morbiditas, mortalitas, dan lama rawat neonatus terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSCM selama pandemi COVID-19, serta pemantauan terhadap kondisi kesehatan pasien pasca pulang rawat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional retrospektif yang menilai karakteristik klinis dan luaran neonatus terkonfirmasi COVID-19, dan penelitian potong lintang untuk menilai kondisi pasien pasca rawat, dengan menggunakan total sampling neonatus terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang isolasi COVID-19 sejak bulan April 2020 – Agustus 2021. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui gejala klinis COVID-19 terbanyak berupa distress nafas (12/20 subjek), instabilitas suhu (11/20 subjek), dan intoleransi minum (10/20 subjek). Rontgen toraks didapatkan infiltrat paru (7/13 subjek) dan laboratorium didapatkan peningkatan d-dimer (12/12 subjek). Pasien mendapatkan terapi antibiotik (16/20 subjek), multivitamin (9/20), antivirus (8/20 subjek), dan antikoagulan (8/20 subjek). Derajat penyakit yang terbanyak adalah gejala sedang dan berat. Tidak terdapat subjek yang meninggal karena COVID-19. Median lama rawat subjek adalah 19,5 hari. kondisi kesehatan, imunisasi, status gizi, dan perkembangan subjek pasca pulang rawat terpantau baik.
Kata kunci: coronavirus disease, derajat penyakit, gejala klinis, kondisi kesehatan pasca rawat, neonatus.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. The 0-2 year-old age group had the highest percentage of deaths (case fatality rate 0.71%) of all children age groups. Symptoms of severe COVID-19 in neonates are due to the possibility of vertical transmission, or specific comorbid, e.g. prematurity. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, and length of stay from confirmed COVID-19 neonates hospitalized at RSCM during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also to monitor the health conditions of patients after discharge. The design of this study is a retrospective descriptive observational study evaluating the clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates with confirmed COVID-19, and a crosssectional study to assess the condition of post-hospitalized patients. A total of 20 confirmed COVID-19 neonates who were hospitalized from April 2020 - August 2021 were included. This study shows that the symptoms of COVID-19 are respiratory distress (12/20 subjects), temperature instability (11/20 subjects), and feeding intolerance (10/20 subjects). The chest X-rays revealed pulmonary infiltrates (7/13 subjects) and the laboratory showed increases in d-dimer (12/12 subjects). Patients received antibiotics (16/20 subjects), multivitamins (9/20), antivirals (8/20 subjects), and anticoagulants (8/20 subjects). The most common disease severity was moderate and severe symptoms, with one subject died during treatment. The median length of stay was 19.5. Health conditions, immunizations, nutritional status, and development of the subject after discharge were well monitored.
Keywords: clinical symptoms, coronavirus disease, disease severity, health condition after discharge, neonates.