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Analisis Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid Total, dan Aktivitas Inhibisi α-Amilase secara in vitro pada Ekstrak Spirulina platensis = Analysis of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content, and in vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Spirulina platensis Extracts.

Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) ditandai dengan kenaikan kadar gula darah. Jumlah penderita DM di Indonesia terus meningkat. Acarbose sebagai obat DM penghambat α-amilase memiliki banyak efek samping, sehingga diperlukan alternatif dari bahan alami lain dengan kemampuan setara. Spirulina platensis dapat diteliti potensi inhibisi α-amilasenya mengingat sumber daya perairan Indonesia yang besar dan manfaat kandungannya dalam kesehatan. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi jumlah kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total serta membandingkan aktivitas inhibisi α-amilase secara in vitro pada ekstrak Spirulina platensis yang berasal dari perairan Indonesia dengan acarbose. Metode: Spirulina platensis diekstraksi menggunakan etanol, etil asetat, serta n-heksana kemudian dilakukan uji fenolik, flavonoid total, dan aktivitas inhibisi α-amilase secara in vitro. Hasil: Kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total pada ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan nheksana Spirulina platensis yang berasal dari perairan Indonesia berturut-turut adalah 0,460 ± 0,018; 25,5 ± 0,012; 19,064 ± 0,007 mg GAE/g ekstrak serta 17,040 ± 0,055; 49,764 ± 0,010; 42,460 ± 0,098 mg QE/g ekstrak. IC50 inhibisi α-amilase adalah 1,17 ± 0,13; 1,09 ± 0,04; 1,24 ± 0,04; dan 0,185 ± 0,008 µg/mL untuk acarbose. Terdapat perbedaan IC50 yang signifikan antara setiap ekstrak Spirulina platensis dengan acarbose. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Spirulina platensis yang berasal dari perairan Indonesia terbukti memiliki kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid. Aktivitas inhibisi α-amilase secara in vitro pada ekstrak Spirulina platensis tergolong sangat aktif, namun lebih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan acarbose.
Kata kunci: fenolik; flavonoid; inhibisi α-amilase; in vitro; Spirulina platensis


Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by an elevation of blood sugar levels. The number of DM patients in Indonesia continue to increase. Acarbose as αamylase inhibitor DM drug has many side effects, so alternatives from other natural ingredients with equivalent capabilities are needed. Spirulina platensis can be investigated for its α-amylase inhibition potential considering Indonesia's large water resources and its health benefits. Objective: To jdentify the total phenolic and flavonoid content and to compare the in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity of Spirulina platensis extracts from Indonesian waters with acarbose. Method: Spirulina platensis was extracted using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The extracts were then tested for total phenolic and flavonoid content and their in vitro inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and nhexane extracts of Spirulina platensis were 0.460 ± 0.018; 25.5 ± 0.012; 19.064 ± 0.007 mg GAE/g extract and 17.040 ± 0.055; 49.764 ± 0.010; 42.460 ± 0.098 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The IC50 of α-amylase inhibition were respectively 1.17 ± 0.13; 1.09 ± 0.04; 1.24 ± 0.04; and 0.185 ± 0.008 µg/mL for acarbose. There were significant IC50 difference between each extracts of Spirulina platensis with acarbose. Conclusion: Spirulina platensis extracts from Indonesian waters were proven to contain phenolic and flavonoid. The in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity of extracts were classified as very active, but lower compared to acarbose.
Keywords: α-amylase inhibition; flavonoid; in vitro; Spirulina platensis; phenolic