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Analisis kadar mangiferin pada organ ginjal tikus SpragueDawley yang diinduksi besi berlebih setelah pemberian mangiferin nanopartikel kitosan-alginat = Analysis of mangiferin levels in kidney of SpragueDawley rats induced with iron overload after administration of mangiferin in chitosan-alginate nanoparticles.

Latar belakang: Kondisi zat besi berlebih dapat terjadi pada beberapa keadaan, antara lain penyakit iron loading anemias atau penyebab zat berlebih sekunder. Akumulasi besi berlebih dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ, salah satunya adalah ginjal. Untuk mengurangi akumulasi besi, diperlukan kelator besi yang dapat meningkatkan ekskresi besi. Namun, kelator besi yang saat ini tersedia di Indonesia mahal dan memiliki banyak efek samping. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa mangiferin berpotensi menjadi agen pengkelat besi. Namun, rendahnya bioavailabilitas mangiferin membatasi kemampuan mangiferin sebagai agen pengkelat. Sistem penghantaran obat nanopartikel yang terenkapsulasi dalam kitosan-alginat diketahui mampu meningkatkan bioavailabilitas obat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan kadar mangiferin konvensional dan mangiferin nanopartikel kitosanalginat pada organ ginjal. Metode: Data penelitian diperoleh dari homogenat organ ginjal tersimpan tikus SpragueDawley yang diinduksi besi berlebih. Tikus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu diberikan mangiferin konvensional 50 mg/kgBB (MK50), mangiferin nanopartikel kitosan-alginat 50 mg/kgBB (MN50), dan mangiferin nanopartikel kitosan-alginat 25 mg/kgBB (MN25). Pengukuran kadar mangiferin dilakukan dengan menganalisis plasma menggunakan alat HPLC dan mengacu pada metode Estuningtyas. Hasil: Berdasarkan pengukuran, rata-rata kadar mangiferin di organ ginjal (ng/g) antara lain sebesar 5368.5±1407,52 ng/g (MK50), 4757.78±1420,32 ng/g pada (MN50), dan 4448.06±1938,95 ng/g (MN25). Akan tetapi, tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan: Pemberian mangiferin nanopartikel kitosan-alginat dosis 50 mg/kgBB maupun 25 mg/kgBB tidak meningkatkan kadar mangiferin di ginjal tikus dibandingkan dengan pemberian mangiferin konvensional dosis 50 mg/kgBB. Selain itu, kadar mangiferin nanopartikel kitosan-alginat dosis 25 mg/kgBB tidak lebih tinggi dibandingkan mangiferin nanopartikel kitosan-alginat dosis 50 mg/kgBB di ginjal.
Kata kunci: besi berlebih, mangiferin, nanopartikel, kitosan-alginat, ginjal


Introduction: Iron overload often occur in several conditions, including iron loading anemias or secondary causes of iron overload. Iron accumulation can lead to organ damage, one of which is the kidneys. To reduce iron accumulation, iron chelators are needed to increase iron excretion through urine and feces. However, iron chelators currently available in Indonesia are expensive and have many side effects. Previous studies have shown that mangiferin has potential to be an iron chelating agent. However, the low bioavailability of mangiferin limits its ability as a chelating agent. The nanoparticle drug delivery system encapsulated in chitosan-alginate is known as an option to increase drug bioavailability. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the levels of conventional mangiferin and mangiferin chitosan-alginate nanoparticle in the kidney. Method: Data were obtained from stored kidney homogenates of iron overload SpragueDawley rat model. Rats were divided into three treatment groups, namely conventional mangiferin 50 mg/kgBW (MK50), mangiferin chitosan-alginate nanoparticle 50 mg/kgBW (MN50), and mangiferin chitosan-alginate nanoparticle 25 mg/kgBW (MN25). The measurement of mangiferin levels was carried out by plasma analysis using HPLC tool and referring to the Estuningtyas method. Result: The average levels of mangiferin in kidneys (ng/g) are 5368.5±1407,52 (MK50 group), 4757.78±1420,32 (MN50 group), and 4448.06±1938,95 (MN25 group). However, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusion: The administration of mangiferin chitosan-alginate nanoparticle 50 mg/kgBW or 25 mg/kgBW did not increase mangiferin levels in the rat kidney compared to conventional mangiferin 50 mg/kgBW. In addition, the levels of mangiferin chitosanalginate nanoparticle 25 mg/kgBW were not higher than mangiferin chitosan-alginate nanoparticle 50 mg/kgBW.
Keywords: iron overload, mangiferin, nanoparticle, chitosan-alginate, kidney