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Perubahan Gambaran Histologi Hati Tikus Sprague-Dawley Tua dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Centella asiatica dan Acalypha indica = Histological Changes in The Liver of Old Sprague-Dawley Rats Treated with Centella asiatica and Acalypha indica Extract.

Latar belakang: Indonesia memiliki struktur penduduk tua (aging population) dengan angka kesakitan lansia yang tergolong tinggi. Jika usia harapan hidup yang tinggi tidak diimbangi dengan kualitas kesehatan lansia, hal ini justru dapat meningkatkan beban tanggungan negara. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan healthspan, perlu dilakukan. Stres oksidatif merupakan salah satu mekanisme yang berperan dalam patogenesis berbagai penyakit degeneratif pada penuaan. Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan manfaat keanekaragaman tanaman herbal Indonesia pada berbagai penyakit degeneratif dan penuaan, termasuk Centella asiatica (CA) dan Acalypha indica (AI). CA dan AI diketahui memiliki efek antioksidan dan dapat berpotensi menjadi agen antipenuaan serta proteksi terhadap organ hati. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol Centella asiatica dan Acalypha indica terhadap struktur histologi hati tikus Sprague-Dawley tua. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel organ hati tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dari bahan biologis tersimpan penelitian sebelumnya. Kelompok penelitian terdiri atas kontrol positif (tikus tua berusia 20-24 bulan dengan vitamin E 15 IU), kontrol negatif (tikus tua dengan plasebo berupa akuades), perlakuan CA (tikus tua dengan CA 300 mg / kg), perlakuan AI (tikus tua dengan AI 250 mg / kg), dan tikus muda berusia 8-12 minggu yang diberikan plasebo (akuades). Tikus diberi perlakuan yang sesuai selama 28 hari kemudian diterminasi. Organ hati diproses menjadi sediaan histologis dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin, dan dilakukan skoring menggunakan NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) serta persentase steatosis untuk menilai efek penuaan pada struktur histologis hati. Hasil: Pemberian ekstrak etanol CA dan AI pada tikus tua menunjukkan tren NAFLD Activity Score dan persentase steatosis jaringan hati yang cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tikus tua (kontrol negatif), namun tidak signifikan secara statistik (Kruskal-Wallis p=0,139 dan p=0,119). Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol Centella asiatica dan Acalypha indica tidak menyebabkan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap gambaran histologi hati tikus Sprague-Dawley tua. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan durasi perlakuan yang lebih lama diperlukan untuk dapat mengamati potensi antipenuaan kedua tanaman terhadap histologi organ hati tikus tua.
Kata kunci: Penuaan, Centella asiatica, Acalypha indica, stres oksidatif, histopatologi hati


Background: Indonesia has an aging population structure with a relatively high elderly morbidity rate. If life expectancy is not balanced with good quality of health of the elderly, it will increase nation’s financial burden. In this regard, it is necessary to make efforts to improve healthspan. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms that plays a role in the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases related to aging. A number of studies have shown the benefits of the diversity of Indonesian herbal plants on various degenerative diseases and aging, including Centella asiatica (CA) and Acalypha indica (AI). CA and AI are known to have antioxidant effects and therefore can potentially be antiaging and hepatoprotective agents. Purpose: To determine the effect of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica and Acalypha indica on liver histology of old Sprague-Dawley rats. Method: This study used liver samples from male Sprague-Dawley rats in a form of paraffin blocks taken from previous study. Male rats were divided into five groups, namely positive control (old rats aged 20-24 months with vitamin E 15 IU), negative control (old rats with aquadest as placebo), CA treatment (old rats with CA 300 mg / kg), AI treatment (old rats with AI 250 mg / kg), and young rats aged 8-12 weeks given aquadest as placebo. The rats were given the appropriate treatment for 28 days then terminated. The livers were processed into histological slides stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, and scoring was carried out using NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) and steatosis percentage to assess the effect of aging on the histological structure of the liver. Result: The administration of CA and AI ethanol extract to old rats led to a trend of lower NAFLD Activity Score and percentage of liver tissue steatosis compared with old rats (negative control), however they were not statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.139 and p = 0.119). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Centella asiatica and Acalypha indica did not cause significant changes to the liver histology of old Sprague-Dawley rats. Further studies with a longer treatment duration are needed to be able to observe the antiaging potential of the two plants on the liver histology of old rats.
Key words: Aging, Centella asiatica, Acalypha indica, oxidative stress, liver histopathology