Tesis

Komparasi Standar Laporan Autopsi di England, Wales, Irlandia Utara, New South Wales, Palestina dan NAME di Amerika Serikat = Comparison of Autopsy Report Standards between England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New South Wales, Palestine and NAME in United States.

Dokter forensik memiliki peran dalam proses hukum investigasi kasus kematian medikolegal karena dapat berperan sebagai ahli yang dapat memberikan pendapat dan menyajikan bukti dalam sistem peradilan pidana, salah satu produk kerjanya yaitu laporan autopsi. Laporan autopsi juga merupakan cerminan dan tolak ukur kelengkapan pemeriksaan dan pelaksanaan autopsi. Indonesia belum memiliki standar dalam membuat standar laporan autopsi yang berlaku secara nasional dan setara dengan standar di negara lain yang lebih maju. Untuk itu diperlukan inventarisasi standar laporan autopsi di negara-negara yang sudah menerapkan praktik tersebut. Dari hasil studi literature review menggunakan 4 sampel dokumen penelitian didapatkan standar laporan autopsi di England, Wales, Irlandia Utara, New South Wales, Palestina dan organisasi NAME di Amerika Serikat. Standar laporan tersebut memiliki beberapa komponen yang sama dan ada juga yang berbeda. Komponen yang sama pada standar laporan autopsi sampel penelitian yaitu pendahuluan laporan, pemeriksaan luar jenazah, luka-luka, pemeriksaan dalam, pemeriksaan penunjang, opini dan kesimpulan serta sebab kematian. Komponen yang berbeda pada standar laporan autopsi sampel penelitian yaitu riwayat kejadian dan penyakit, catatan pemeriksaan di TKP, penyimpanan sampel, pengecekan akhir laporan, waktu pengumpulan laporan, pengungkapan informasi kepada pihak yang berkepentingan, perubahan opini, pandangan dokter forensik lain, dan pernyataan sumpah kebenaran. Selain itu, didapatkan laporan autopsi memuat komponen-komponen seluruh aspek pada sistem investigasi kematian medikolegal dan cerminan dari sistem investigasi kematian yang dijalankan di negara-negara tersebut.
Kata Kunci: laporan autopsi, standar, dokter forensik, investigasi


Forensic doctors play role in the legal process of investigating medicolegal death cases because they the experts who provide opinions and present evidence in crime. One of their work products are autopsy reports. Indonesia is yet to have a standards format in autopsy reporting that applies at a national level and are equivalent to the standards in other developed countries. For this reason, a standard inventory of autopsy reports are required from countries that have implemented this practice. A literature review study was conducted using 4 samples of research documents autopsy reports standard in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New South Wales, Palestine and NAME organization in the United States of America. These report standards were found to have some similarity and differences in their report components. Similar components in the research sample autopsy report standards are report preamble, external examination of the body, injuries, internal examinations, supplementary examinations, opinions and conclusions, and also the cause of death. Different components of research sample autopsy reports standards are history of events and diseases, investigation notes at crime scene, samples storages, final report checking, time of submission of the report, disclosure of information to concerned parties, change of opinion, views of other forensic doctors, and declaration of truth. In addition, the autopsy reports hold components to all aspects of a medicolegal death investigation system. They reflect the death investigation systems carried out in these particular countries.
Key word: autopsy report, standard, forensic doctor, investigation