Tesis

Tinjauan Sistematis dengan Meta Analisis: Valve Sparing Repair sebagai Prosedur Penanganan Tetralogy of Fallot dibandingkan Transannular Patch = Systematic Review with Meta Analysis: Valve Sparing Repair as Treatment Procedure for Tetralogy of Fallot compared to Transannular Patch.

Latar belakang: Pada Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) dilakukan pembedahan dengan prosedur transannular patch (TAP) untuk mengatasi obstruksi ventrikel kanan. Namun, prosedur ini diketahui menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi akibat regurgitasi pulmonal pasca operasi. Beberapa studi melaporkan Valve sparing repair (VSR) sebagai prosedur pembedahan TOF dengan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang lebih rendah. Namun, saat ini belum terdapat cukup data untuk membandingkan keluaran di antara kedua prosedur tersebut. Tujuan: Mengetahui prosedur pembedahan terbaik dalam tata laksana TOF. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis dengan meta analisis yang dibuat berdasarkan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Meta analisis dilakukan untuk membandingkan luaran mortalitas dan morbiditas antara prosedur TAP dan VSR. Studi ini menggunakan artikel yang terbit dari database Cochrane, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost (CINAHL dan Academic Search Complete), dan Scopus. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan software Review Manager v5.4 dan p-value < 0,05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Hasil: Dari pencarian literatur didapatkan 144 studi dengan 14 studi yang memenuhi kriteria. Jumlah total subjek sebanyak 3.280 orang, 50,8% menjalani prosedur VSR. Kejadian mortalias perioperatif, mortalitas pascaoperasi, regurgitasi pulmonal pascaoperasi, regurgitasi pulmonal saat follow-up, dan operasi ulang pada kelompok VSR dan TAP berturut-turut adalah 0,14% vs 0,27% , 0,21% vs 0,28%, 2,87% vs 19,02%, 7,25% vs 20,13%, dan1,95% vs 3,23%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan risiko kematian perioperatif dan pasca operasi pada pasien yang menjalani prosedur VSR dan TAP. Pasien yang menjalani prosedur VSR memiliki risiko 0,08 kali lebih kecil mengalami regurgitasi pulmonal pasca operasi, 0,11 kali lebih kecil mengalami regurgitasi pulmonal saat follow-up, dan 0,43 kali lebih kecil menjalani operasi ulang dibandingkan pasien yang menjalani prosedur TAP. Kesimpulan: Prosedur VSR merupakan prosedur pembedahan terbaik dalam tata laksana TOF. Prosedur VSR memiliki risiko regurgitasi pulmonal dan operasi ulang yang lebih rendah dibandingkan TAP.
Kata kunci: Tetralogy of fallot, transannular patch, valve sparing repair, mortalitas, morbiditas


Background: Transannular patch (TAP) is one of surgical procedures performed to treat right ventricular obstruction in patient with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). This procedure caused higher mortality and morbidity due to post operation pulmonary regurgitation. A few studies reported promising result from valve sparing repair (VSR) procedure with lower mortality and morbidity. Currently, there is still not enough data to compare outcomes between the two procedures. Aim: To know the best surgical procedure to treat TOF. Method: This study is a systematic review with metaanalysis written based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Metaanalysis was performed to compare mortality and morbidity outcomes between TAP and VSR procedures. Articles used for this study were obtained from Cochrane, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost (CINAHL and Academic Search Complete), and Scopus databases. Statistic analysis was performed using Review Manager v5.4 software with p-value < 0,05 considered significance. Result: We obtained 144 studies from literature searching, 14 of which were included in this study. Total subject was 3.280 people, 50,8% of which underwent VSR procedure. Perioperative mortality, postoperative mortality, postoperative pulmonary regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation at follow-up, and reoperation on VSR and TAP groups were respectively, 0,14% vs 0,27% , 0,21% vs 0,28%, 2,87% vs 19,02%, 7,25% vs 20,13%, and 1,95% vs 3,23%. There is no significant difference on perioperative and postoperative mortality between VSR and TAP group. Patient in VSR group has 0.08 times lower risk to have postoperative pulmonary regurgitation, 0.11 times lower risk to have pulmonary regurgitation at follow up, and 0.43 times lower risk to have reoperation compared to TAP group. Conclusion: VSR procedure is the best surgical procedure to treat TOF. This procedure has lower risk for pulmonary regurgitation and reoperation compared to TAP.
Keywords: Tetralogy of fallot, transannular patch, valve sparing repair, mortality, morbidity