Tesis

Gambaran Pengetahuan Sikap dan Perilaku Pencegahan Kanker Serviks pada Karyawati Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo = Description of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the women workforce of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital on cervical cancer early detection programme.

Latar belakang: Data GLOBOCAN 2020, terdapat 604.127 kasus baru kanker serviks pada tahun 2020. Upaya pencegahan kanker serviks dengan program skrining kanker serviks tahun 2018 hanya mencakup 7,34% dari total sasaran 37.415.483 perempuan di Indonesia. Selain itu, WHO menargetkan 90% perempuan tervaksinasi pada usia 15 tahun dan 70% terskrining pada usia 35 tahun dan 45 tahun pada tahun 2030. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku karyawati di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) terhadap skrining kanker serviks. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-analitik ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang mengkaji tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku karyawati RSCM terhadap pencegahan kanker serviks. Tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dikaji menggunakan kuesioner daring yang tervalidasi yang diberikan kepada subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 1002 responden. Diperoleh hasil tingkat pengetahuan baik (84,3%), sikap yang cukup (80,9%), kuliah/penyuluhan tentang kanker serviks pernah diikuti oleh 55,4% responden, hanya 22,2% responden yang pernah vaksinasi HPV. Terdapat 730 responden yang telah menikah, 59% responden pernah melakukan skrining kanker serviks (tes IVA, PAP smear, HPV DNA dan gabungan dari ketiganya). Kesadaran untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan diri mencapai 80.5% dari seluruh responden. Rasa takut dengan hasil skrining merupakan alasan terbanyak (34.98%) bagi yang tidak melakukan skrining. Adanya pekan skrining kanker leher rahim gratis rutin setiap tahun di RSCM (39,2%) diharapkan oleh responden. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dan skrining (p=0,003). Kesimpulan: Responden penelitian memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan sikap yang cukup. Sebagian besar telah melakukan skrining walau hanya sedikit yang sudah melakukan vaksinasi. Responden penelitian memiliki kesadaran untuk mengetahui kondisi diri dan memiliki rasa takut dengan hasilnya. Sebagian besar responden penelitian berharap diadakan pekan skrining kanker leher rahim gratis rutin setiap tahun di RSCM.
Kata kunci: kanker serviks, skrining, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku


Introduction: According to GLOBOCAN 2020, there were 604.127 new cases of cervical cancer in 2020. Efforts on cervical cancer prevention with early detection programme only fulfilled 7.34% from the target of 37.415.483 women in 2018 in Indonesia. Additionally, WHO aims for 90% of women are vaccinated by the age of 15 years old and 70% are screened at the age of 35 and 45 years old by 2030. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the employees of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital on early detection of cervical cancer. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study that aims to describe the level of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour on cervical cancer early detection of the employees of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The level of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour are evaluated using a validated online questionnaire and the questionnaire was given to subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: This study was done on 1002 subjects. The results showed that subjects had good level of knowledge (84.3%), had adequate attitude (80.9%), 55.4% have attended a lecture or seminar about cervical cancer, 22.2% have vaccinated. Out of 730 subjects that already married, 59% have done cervical cancer early detection examinations (IVA, PAP smear, HPV DNA and all three of the examinations). The majority of subjects had awareness to know about their of own health condition (80.5%). Fear of the results of the test results was the most common reason of not doing cervical cancer screening (34.98%). The subjects hoped that Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital would held a free cervical screening examinations every year for employees (39.2%). Significant correlation was found between knowledge and early detection behaviour in general and VIA and pap smear examination (p=0,003). Conclusion: The research subjects had good level of knowledge and adequate attitude towards cervical cancer early detection. The majority had done early detection examination but only 22.2% had done vaccination. The research subjects had awareness to know their own health condition and feared the results of the examination results. The majority of subjects wished that there is a free cervical cancer early detection examination every year for employees.
Keywords: cervical cancer, screening, knowledge, attitude, behaviour