Skripsi

Intensitas Askariasis dan Trikuriasis serta Hubungannya dengan Anemia pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Desa Panimbangjaya, Pandeglang = The Intensity of Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and its Relation with Anemia in Elementary School Children in Panimbangjaya village, Pandeglang.

Latar Belakang. Warga Desa Panimbangjaya sulit mendapat air bersih dan memiliki kebiasaan buang air besar sembarangan yang merupakan faktor risiko transmisi soiltransmitted helminth (STH). STH dapat menyebabkan anemia, namun hubungan STH dan anemia belum diketahui di Desa Panimbangjaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi STH serta hubungannya dengan anemia pada anak SD. Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di SDN 01 dan SDN 03 Panimbangjaya, Pandeglang pada bulan Juli–Agustus 2018. Sampel feses dikumpulkan menggunakan pot feses yang dibagikan dan diperiksa dengan metode Kato-Katz. Sampel darah diambil dari darah vena 0,5–3 mL, kemudian diproses dengan hematology analyzer Sysmex untuk mendapatkan nilai Hb. Subyek positif STH diberi albendazol 400 mg tiga hari berturut-turut. Hasil. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 150 anak, terdiri atas 68 laki-laki dan 82 perempuan yang berasal dari kelas 1–2 (28 anak), 3–4 (54 anak), dan 5–6 (68 anak). Prevalensi infeksi STH adalah 81,3%: A. lumbricoides 58,7%, T. trichiura 48%, dan infeksi campur 25,3%. Intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides umumnya ringan dan T. trichiura seluruhnya ringan. Prevalensi anemia adalah 16,7%. Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara anemia dan intensitas infeksi STH (uji chi-square, p > 0,05). Perlu dilakukan pemberian obat pencegahan massal setiap enam bulan karena prevalensi STH ³ 50% serta suplementasi tablet tambah darah untuk anak yang anemia.
Kata kunci: Soil-transmitted helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, anemia


Introduction. The inhabitants of Panimbangjaya Village have difficulty getting clean water and still practices open defecation, which is a risk factor for the transmission of soil-transmitted helminth (STH). STH can cause anemia, however, in Panimbangjaya Village, the relation between STH and anemia were unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and infection intensity of STH and its relation with anemia in elementary school children. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at SDN 01 and SDN 03 Panimbangjaya, Pandeglang in July–August 2018. Stool samples were collected using feces pots and examined using the Kato-Katz method. Blood samples were taken from 0.5–3 mL venous blood and then processed with a Sysmex hematology analyzer to obtain Hb values. STH positive subjects were given albendazole 400mg for three consecutive days. Results. Subjects were 150 children, consisted of 68 boys and 82 girls from grades 1–2 (28 children), 3–4 (54 children), and 5–6 (68 children). The prevalence of STH infection was 81.3%: A. lumbricoides 58,7%, T. trichiura 48%, and mixed infections 25.3%. The infection intensity of A. lumbricoides was generally mild and T. trichiura was entirely mild. The prevalence of anemia was 16.7%. Conclusion. There was no relationship (chi-square test, p > 0.05) between STH infection intensity and anemia. Mass drug administration needs to be done biannually because the prevalence of STH is ³ 50%. Iron and folic acid supplementation need to be given to anemic children.
Keywords: Soil-transmitted helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, anemia