Tesis

Perbedaan Temuan Ultrasonografi Mastitis Non-Maligna dengan Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Patologi Anatomi di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo = The Difference in Ultrasound Findings of Non-Malignant Mastitis with Breast Cancer Based on Anatomical Pathology at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital.

Latar Belakang: Mastitis adalah inflamasi kelenjar payudara dengan berbagai macam etiologi yang mendasarinya mulai dari infeksi, non infeksi serta inflamasi akibat keganasan payudara. Kanker payudara adalah penyebab kematian terbanyak pada perempuan di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Gambaran klinis dan radiologis mastitis non-maligna dapat tumpang tindih dengan gambaran keganasan payudara. Sehingga diperlukan korelasi gambaran radiologis dan patologi anatomi serta evaluasi karakteristik morfologis yang lebih detil lesi payudara pada mastitis non-maligna dan kanker payudara, berupa pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG) sebagai salah satu modalitas radiologis yang cukup terjangkau, tanpa radiasi dan efisien sehingga penatalaksanaan pasien dapat lebih optimal. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan temuan USG pada mastitis non-maligna dan kanker payudara berdasarkan patologi anatomi di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Dilakukan pembacaan ulang hasil USG 110 pasien yang didapatkan dari sistem PACS di Departemen Radiologi dengan klinis tumor payudara T1-T3 dan atau mastitis non-maligna yang telah dilakukan pemeriksaan patologi anatomi di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data riwayat pasien didapatkan dengan melihat catatan rekam medis. Dilakukan analisis pada variabel kualitatif (usia, riwayat laktasi dan temuan tanda inflamasi) dan karakteristik temuan lesi pada USG terhadap hasil patologi anatomi yang dinilai dengan uji komparatif chi square atau fischer. Dilanjutkan analisis multivariat regresi logistik variabel yang signifikan secara statistik dengan metode enter dan backward disajikan dalam bentuk odds ratio. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada variabel usia (p = 0,000), gambaran posterior accoustic lesi (p = 0,000), temuan ill defined fluid collection (p = 0,001), temuan rongga abses (p = 0,013) dan morfologi kelenjar limfe (p = 0,000) antara mastitis non-maligna dengan kanker payudara. Analisis multivariat variabel temuan USG mencakup gambaran posterior lesi, penebalan kulit, ill defined fluid collection, rongga abses, kelenjar limfe dan dilatasi duktus retroareolar. Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada temuan USG ill defined fluid collection dengan nilai odds ratio 0,07 (p = 0,006) dan kelenjar limfe maligna dengan nilai odds ratio 11,17 (p = 0,001) terhadap kejadian kanker payudara. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna temuan USG pada mastitis non-maligna dengan kanker payudara yaitu pada gambaran posterior accoustic lesi, temuan ill defined fluid collection, temuan rongga abses dan morfologi kelenjar limfe. Temuan USG kelenjar limfe morfologi maligna bisa memprediksi kemungkinan terjadinya keganasan. Sedangkan temuan USG berupa ill defined fluid collection memiliki resiko rendah terhadap kejadian keganasan.
Kata kunci: kanker payudara, mastitis non-maligna, ultrasonografi


Background: Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast glands with various underlying etiologies range from infection, non-infection and inflammation due to breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women in the world and also in Indonesia. The clinical and radiological features of non-malignant mastitis may overlap with those of breast cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to correlate radiological images and anatomical pathology as well as more detailed evaluation morphological characteristics of breast lesions in non-malignant mastitis and breast cancer, by utilize ultrasonography (USG) as one of the radiological modalities that is quite affordable, without radiation and efficient. Therefore patient management can be more optimal. Purpose: Knowing the difference in ultrasound findings of non-malignant mastitis with breast cancer based on anatomical pathology at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Methods: Ultrasound images of 110 patients obtained from the PACS system in the Radiology Department with clinical diagnosis breast tumor T1-T3 and / or non-malignant mastitis who has been examined for anatomical pathology at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital are reevaluated. Patient history data is obtained by looking at medical records. Analyzes of qualitative variables (age, history of lactation and findings of signs of inflammation) and the characteristics of the lesion findings on ultrasound based on anatomical pathology were presented using chi square or fischer comparative test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of statistically significant variables using the enter and backward methods presented in the form of odds ratios. Results: There were a statistically significant difference in the variable age (p = 0.000), posterior acoustic lesion (p = 0.000), ill defined fluid collection (p = 0.001), abscess cavity (p = 0.013) and lymph node morphology (p. = 0.000) between nonmalignant mastitis and breast cancer. Multivariate analysis of the ultrasound findings including posterior features of the lesion, skin thickening, ill-defined fluid collection, abscess cavity, lymph nodes and retroareolar duct dilatation. There were a statistically significant difference in the findings of USG ill defined fluid collection with an odds ratio 0.07 (p = 0.006) and malignant lymph nodes with an odds ratio 11.17 (p = 0.001) on the incidence of breast cancer. Conclusions: There were significant differences in ultrasound findings of non-malignant mastitis with breast cancer, including age, posterior acoustic lesion, ill defined fluid collection finding, abscess cavity and the lymph node morphology. Malignant morphology of lymph nodes can predict the possibility of malignancy. Meanwhile, USG findings in the form of an ill defined fluid collection have a low risk of malignancy.
Keywords : breast cancer, non-malignant mastitis, ultrasound