Tesis

Efektivitas Klonidin Dosis 2 Mcg/Kg di Awal Induksi Dalam Menurunkan Angka Kejadian Emergence Delirium Pada Pasien Anak yang Menjalani Operasi Mata = Effectiveness Clonidine 2 Mcg/KgBW during Anesthesia Induction to Reduce Emergence Delirium Rate in Pediatric Patient Underwent Eye Surgery.

Latar belakang. Emergence delirium (ED) adalah suatu kondisi yang umum terjadi, pada pasien anak-anak yang menjalani pembedahan, dimana anak menjadi sangat agitasi, memberontak, dan sulit untuk diredakan serta berpotensi membahayakan dirinya sendiri maupun orang lain, dengan insidensi di RSCM sebesar 39,7%. Etiologi, faktor resiko, dan patofisiologi diperkirakan multifaktorial. Berbagai upaya dan strategi telah diusahakan untuk mencegah kejadian tidak menyenangkan ini. Metode. Penelitian uji klinik acak tersamar ganda pada anak usia 1-8 tahun yang menjalani operasi mata dengan anestesia umum di OK Kirana FKUI-RSCM pada bulan Januari-Maret 2020. Sebanyak 108 subjek didapatkan dengan metode konsekutif yang dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok klonidin (n = 54) mendapat klonidin 2 mcg/kgbb bolus IV lambat saat induksi anestesia, sedangkan kontrol (n = 54) mendapat NaCl 0,9%. Kejadian ED, waktu pulih, derajat nyeri, hipotensi dan bradikardia selama dan pascaoperasi dicatat. ED dinilai dengan Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED). Hasil. Kejadian ED pada kelompok klonidin sebesar 29,6% sedangkan kontrol 31,5% (IK 95% 0,481-2,475; p=0,835). Waktu pulih kelompok klonidin memiliki nilai rerata 6 menit dibandingkan kelompok kontrol selama 5 menit (p=0,998). Nyeri sedang dirasakan pada 3,7% kelompok klonidin berbanding 0% paqda kelompok kontrol. Hipotensi dialami pada 1 pasien di kelompok klonidin dan 1 pasien di kelompok kontrol, sedangkan bradikardia ditemukan pada 2 pasien di kelompok klonidin dan 3 pasien di kelompok kontrol Simpulan. Pemberian klonidin 2 mcg/kgbb bolus IV lambat di awal induksi tidak lebih efektif dibanding plasebo dalam mencegah kejadian ED pada pasien anak yang menjalani operasi mata
Kata Kunci : emergence delirium, klonidin, kontrol, pasien anak, operasi mata, pembiusan umum


Background. Emergence delirium (ED) is a common condition in pediatric patient after surgery, when they become agitated, difficult to calm and could be harmful for themself or people around with incidence 39,7% in RSCM. Etiology, risk factor, and patyhophysiology are multifactorial. Some effort and strategy have been attempted to reduce this unpleasant incident Method. This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial on children aged 1-8 years old underwent eye surgery under general anesthesia in OR Kirana FKUIRSCM on January until March 2020. One hundred eight subjects were included using consecutive sampling method and randomized into two groups. Clonidine group (n=54) was given clonidine 2 mcg/kgbw slow intravenous injection during anesthesia induction while control group (n=54) was given NaCl 0,9%. Incidence of ED, recovery time, pain scale, during and postoperative hypotension and bradycardia were observed. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was used to assess ED. Result. Incidence of ED in clonidine group was 29,6% while in control group was 31,5% (IK 95% 0,481-2,475; p=0,835). Recovery time in clonidine group was 6 minutes and control group was 5 minutes (p=0,998). There was 3,7% in subject group was in moderate pain and 0% in control group. Hypotension was suffered by each 1 subject in both group and bradycardia suffered in 2 patient in clonidine group compared to 3 patients in control group Conclusion. Administration of clonidine 2 mg/kg as a slow intravenous injection right after induction was not effective to prevent the incidence of ED in children underwent eye surgery.
Keywords : emergence delirium, clonidine, control, pediatric patient, eye surgery, general anesthesia