Skripsi

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Batang Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Ekspresi Protein Bcl-2 Sel HCT116 = The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) on Growth and Expression of Bcl-2 Protein in Cell Line HCT116 .

Pendahuluan. Kanker kolorektal menempati posisi keempat kanker dengan kasus baru di Indonesia, sehingga Kemenkes memiliki urgensi dalam menatalaksana kanker ini. Ekspresi protein Bcl-2 yang berlebihan pada pasien kanker kolorektal berperan dalam mekanisme proliferasi sel kanker, yaitu kegagalan kaskade apoptosis sel abnormal. Penanganan kanker kolorektal dapat berupa operasi eksisi atau terapi radiokemoterapi, namun beberapa obat memiliki efek samping yang dapat memperburuk prognosis pasien. Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker karena kandungan phalerin dan asam galatnya, namun belum banyak penelitian yang membahas efek batang Phaleria macrocarpa terhadap kanker kolorektal. Metode. Batang Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Efek ekstrak etanol batang Phaleria macrocarpa terhadap ekspresi protein Bcl-2 terhadap sel HCT116 dinilai melalui nilai H-score pada pewarnaan imunositokimia. Potensi aktivitas dan efektivitas senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat di dalam batang Phaleria macrocarpa dalam menghambat kanker kolorektal melalui jalur pensinyalan Bcl-2 dievaluasi menggunakan metode docking molekuler. Hasil. Penurunan ekspresi Bcl-2 pada sel HCT116 dibuktikan dengan nilai rerata H-score sebesar 160,26 pada administrasi ekstrak etanol batang Phaleria macrocarpa dosis sedang (100 ppm) dan 130,57 pada dosis besar (200 ppm). Senyawa bioaktif 6,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucopyrano dapat menghambat kanker kolorektal melalui jalur pensinyalan Bcl-2. Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol batang Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) dosis 100 dan 200 ppm dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kanker kolorektal dan menurunkan ekspresi protein Bcl-2 pada sel HCT116. Senyawa bioaktif ekstrak etanol batang Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) yang paling poten adalah 6,4'dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucopyrano.
Kata kunci : HCT116, Bcl-2, ekstrak etanol batang Phaleria macrocarpa, imunositokimia, docking molekuler


Introduction. Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in Indonesia, causing the Ministry of Health to urge for effective management of this cancer. The overexpression of Bcl-2 protein in colorectal cancer patients has a role in the mechanism of cancer cells proliferation, specifically in the failure of apoptotic cascade for abnormal cells. The management of colorectal cancer is excision procedure or radiochemotherapy, but several drugs cause unfavorable side effects that may worsen the patient’s prognosis. Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is known to have anticancer activities due to its phalerin and gallic acid content, but there hasn’t been many research discussing the effect of Phaleria macrocarpa’s bark on colorectal cancer. Method. The bark of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is macerated with 96% ethanol solvent. The effect of ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa’s bark on Bcl-2 expression in HCT116 cell is assessed through H-score on immunocytochemical staining. The activity potential and effectivity of bioactive compound of Phaleria macrocarpa in inhibiting colorectal cancer through Bcl-2 signaling pathway is assessed through molecular docking. Result. Decrease of Bcl-2 expression in HCT116 cell is proven by the mean Hscore of 160.26 with administration of ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa’s bark in medium dose (100 ppm) and 130.57 in high dose (200 ppm). Bioactive compound 6,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D- glucopyrano is able to inhibit colorectal cancer’s growth through Bcl-2 signalling pathway. Conclusion. Ethanol extract of the bark of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) in 100 ppm and 200 ppm dosage is able to inhibit growth of colorectal cancer and decrease the expression of Bcl-2 protein in HCT116 cell. The most potent bioactive compound from ethanol extract of the bark of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is 6,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucopyrano.
Keywords : HCT116, Bcl-2, ethanol extract of the bark of Phaleria macrocarpa, immunocytochemistry, molecular docking