Skripsi

The antibacterial effect of Annona muricata (soursop) leaves on Salmonella typhii = Efek antibakterial ekstrak daun Annona muricata (sirsak) terhadap pertumbuhan Salmonella typhii.

The etiology of typhoid fever is Gram-negative Salmonella typhii. Typhoid fever exhibits symptoms, such as fever, abdominal pain, headache, and reduced apatite. The excessive use of antibiotics has caused several emerging issues, which is antibiotic resistance. Annona muricata or soursop leaves are commonly used as traditional medicinal alternatives and have shown to have antimicrobial properties towards S.typhii. Hence, Annona muricata leaves extract is used to inhibit S.typhii growth. Annona muricata leaves are extracted using maceration process with methanol as solvent. The extracts are diluted into 4 different concentrations (400 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml) and are tested for antibacterial effects on S.typhii culture through disc diffusion method. Then, the diameter of inhibition zone is measured and interpreted. The result of this experiment showed no inhibition zones formed by each concentration of Annona muricata leaves extract . To conclude, the antibacterial effect Annona muricata leaves extract on Salmonella typhii is unobservable using disc diffusion method. This is because disc diffusion may hinder permeability of extract compounds into the agar and thus reducing the effectiveness of the extract in inhibiting the bacteria’s growth. However, another method, such as broth dilution, is able to demonstrate the antibacterial effect of the leaves extract.
Keywords: Salmonella typhii, Annona muricata, disc diffusion, diameter of inhibition zone.


Demam tifoid disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Gram negatif Salmonella typhii. Gejala dari demam tifoid adalah demam, nyeri abdomen, sakit kepala, dan menurunnya nafsu makan. Penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan telah memunculkan permasalahan dalam pengobatan demam tifoid, yaitu resistensi S.typhii terhadap beberapa antibiotik standar. Daun Annona muricata atau sirsak sering digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional dan terbukti memiliki sifat antimikrobial terhadap S.typhii. Maka, penggunaan ekstrak daun Annona muricata diharapkan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S.typhii. Daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dan menggunakan pelarut metanol. Kemudian ekstrak diencerkan menjadi 4 konsentrasi (400 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml) dan diuji efek antibakterinya terhadap isolat bakteri S.typhii melalui metode difusi cakram. Lalu, diameter zona hambat dari setiap cakram diukur dan diinterpretasikan. Pada penelitian ini, tidak terdapat zona inhibisi pada kertas cakram yang mengandung ekstrak daun Annona muricata. Oleh karena itu, efek antibakteri ekstrak daun Annona muricata terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.typhii tidak dapat diamati dengan metode difusi cakram dikarenakan metode difusi cakram dapat mengurangi difusi molekul ekstrak ke dalam agar. Namun, metode dilusi tabung, dapat menunjukkan efek antibakteri ekstrak daun Annona muricata.
Kata kunci: Salmonella typhii, Annona muricata, difusi cakram, diameter zona hambat.