Skripsi

Prevalence of Functional Dyspepsia and its Association to Nutritional Status in Junior High School in Jakarta = Prevalensi Dispepsia Fungsional dan Asosiasinya dengan Status Nutrisi pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Jakarta.

Introduction. Functional dyspepsia is accounted as one of functional gastrointestinal disorders that initiated from the upper gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia based on Rome III criteria is 3-10%. During study in Jakarta among adults, it was found that 59.1% had dyspeptic syndrome. In a study, it was found that obese patients were more likely to have abdominal pain, high frequency and intensity of pain. However, it is not yet known the prevalence of functional dyspepsia among junior high school students in Jakarta. Methods. This research was cross-sectional study using 292 Rome III criteria and food questionnaires that obtained from SMP Labschool Jakarta students in March 2018. The subject filled out the questionnaires and later measured the weight and height using weight scale and height measurement. From the Rome III criteria questionnaire, the functional dyspeptic patient can be obtained through scoring in certain number. Chisquare test was used to analyzed the association of functional dyspepsia to each of gender, grade, nutritional status, nutritional habit, and physical activity. While association of functional dyspepsia and age was measured by Mann-Whitney test. Results. Two hundred ninety-two questionnaires were included in this study. The majority of subjects were females (53.8%), the age had median with 13 years old. Mostly the subject was included as overweight/obese (51.4%) according to Waterlow criteria. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia was 17.5%. The associations between functional dyspepsia and nutritional status, gender, fruit intake, vegetables intake, and physical activity were statistically insignificant, while the associations between functional dyspepsia and grade, age, and rarely eating breakfast were statistically significant. Conclusion. The prevalence of functional dyspepsia was 17.5%. The characteristic of nutritional status in the subject was mostly overweight/obese. From the data analyzed that there is no significant association between functional dyspepsia and nutritional status. Association between functional dyspepsia and characteristic of the subjects was significant, such as to age and grade, while association to gender is not significant. The association between functional dyspepsia and dietary habit and physical activity is insignificant, except functional dyspepsia to rarely eat breakfast.


Pendahuluan. Dispepsia fungsional adalah salah satu gangguan pencernaan fungsional yang berasal dari saluran pencernaan bagian atas. Prevalensi dispepsia fungsional berdasarkan Kriteria Rome III adalah 3-10%. Sebuah studi di Jakarta dengan sampel orang dewasa, ditemukan 59,1% memiliki sindrom dispepsia. Di sebuah studi ditemukan bahwa pasien obesitas lebih memiliki kecenderungan untuk mengalami nyeri pada perut dan nyeri dengan frekuensi dan intensitas tinggi. Namun, prevalensi dispepsia fungsional pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Jakarta masih belum diketahui. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan menggunakan 292 kuesioner Kriteria Rome III dan kuesioner makanan yang diambil di SMP Labschool Jakarta pada Maret 2018. Subjek penelitian diharuskan untuk mengisi kuesioner kemudian diukur tinggi dan berat badan menggunakan timbangan dan alat ukur tinggi. Subjek yang memiliki dispepsia fungsional didapat dari Kriteria Rome III kuesioner melalui penilaian pada beberapa nomer. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-square test untuk menilai asosiasi dispepsia fungsional terhadap jenis kelamin, kelas, status nutrisi, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan, dan aktifitas fisik, satu per satu. Sementara untuk menilai asosiasi dispepsia fungsional terhadap umur, dilakukan Mann-Whitney test Hasil. Terdapat 292 kuesioner yang termasuk di penelitian. Mayoritas subjek adalah perempuan 53,8%, median usia 13 tahun. Subjek memiliki status nutritisi dengan mayoritas yaitu gizi lebih (51,4%) yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kriteria Waterlow. Prevalensi dyspepsia fungsional adalah 17,5%. Asosiasi nya terhadap status nutrisi, jenis kelamin, konsumsi sarapan, buah, dan sayur, dan aktifitas fisik tidak signifikan. Namun, terdapat signifikansi pada asosiasi dispepsia fungsional terhadap kelas, umur, dan jarang konsumsi sarapan. Kesimpulan. Prevalensi dispepsia fungsional adalah 17,5%. Karakteristik status gizi dari subjek penelitian dengan persentase tertinggi adalah gizi lebih. Analisis data menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat asosiasi yang signifikan antara dispepsia fungsional terhadap status nutrisi. Asosiasi dispepsia fungsional dengan karakteristik subjek signifikan, yaitu terhadap umur dan kelas, namun terhadap jenis kelamin tidak signifikan. Asosiasi antara dispepsia fungsional dan pola makan dan aktifitas fisik tidak signifikan, kecuali asosiasi dispepsia fungional dengan jarang konsumsi sarapan.